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American Civ Since 1877 > Civil Rights Era > Flashcards

Civil Rights Era Flashcards

1
Q

What was occuring worldwide in wake of WW2?

A

British, French, and German colonies declared independence.

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2
Q

What was a driving factor for US to pursue civil rights?

A

US is leader of the post-WW2 world.

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3
Q

NAACP

A

organization that fought for anti-lynching campaign

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4
Q

Southern lynchings were…?

A

public affairs that families would bring picnics and children to.,

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5
Q

why did trials fail for lynching participants?

A

jury of their peers would find them not guilty. Could not be impartial.

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6
Q

How did southern lawmakers take the attempts at an anti-lynching campaign?

A

Smothered any attempts

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7
Q

How did WW2 effect NAACP?

A

More and more african americans joined the NAACP during WW2

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8
Q

Special Presidential Committee on Civil Rights

A

Started by Truman. Produced report on state of civil rights in 1947.

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9
Q

What suggestions did the Civil Rights Committee make?

A
  1. Guarantees for Black voting rights
  2. End all racially-motivated legislation
  3. Federal anti-lynching legislation
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10
Q

How did Congress take Truman’s suggestions for developing civil rights?

A

Turned all 3 down.

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11
Q

What does Truman integrate?

A

Federal Work Force. (Military)

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12
Q

Impact of Truman’s integration on South?

A

Makes South angry

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13
Q

1948 election candidates

A

Harry Truman (D)
Thomas Dewey (R)
Strom Thurmond (Dixiecrat)

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14
Q

Why did Strom Thurmond run in 1948?

A

Due to split in Democratic party caused by Truman’s integration policies

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15
Q

Who did the nation believe would win in 1948?

A

Thomas Dewey

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16
Q

What branch does NAACP focus on to push anti-lynching campaign?

A

judicial branch

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17
Q

Missouri v. ex. rel. Gaines.

A

Gaines gets into the only law school in Missouri, but the state won’t allow african americans to attend.

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18
Q

Missouri v. ex. rel. Gaines year

A

1939

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19
Q

Missouri v. ex. rel. Gaines ruling

A

If there is no other school, then Missouri must let Gaines in.

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20
Q

Impact of Missouri v. ex. rel. Gaines

A

Integrated graduate education

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21
Q

McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents

A

African americans could get into Oklahoma school system, but could not physically be in the classroom.

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22
Q

McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents year

A

1950

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23
Q

McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents ruling

A

If they are good enough to get into the University, then they must be allowed full access to the school

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24
Q

Impact of McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents

A

Integrated undergraduate education

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25
Q

Brown v. Board of Education

A

Brown was forced to take a bus across town to a black-only school despite living right next to a white-only school

26
Q

Brown v. Board year

A

1954

27
Q

Brown v. Board ruling

A

Separate facilities are by their very nature, inherently UNEQUAL

28
Q

Impact of Brown v. Board

A

14th Amendment juriprudence

29
Q

Brown II year

A

1955

30
Q

Brown II ruling

A

Schools must integrate their student bodies “with all deliberate speed”

31
Q

How did schools interpret Brown II?

A

Took it to mean they could go at their own pace. Went slowly and made no progress to integrate

32
Q

Southern Manifesto

A

Response of southern legislators to Brown v. Board

33
Q

What did Southern Manifesto declare?

A

that the states are not bound by SCOTUS decision

34
Q

When was Little Rock Arkansas integration?

A

September 1957

35
Q

Little Rock Central 9

A

School allowed 9 black students to integrate into a whites-only public school.

36
Q

Who opposed Little Rock Central 9?

A

Orval Faubus

37
Q

How did Faubus try to prohibit integration?

A

Called on Arkansas National Guard

38
Q

How did Eisenhower intervene in Arkansas integration?

A

Put Arkansas National Guard under Federal control and replaced members with 100 Force Airborne to escort Little Rock 9 to school.

39
Q

When did the situation in Arkansas change?

A

Early 1958

40
Q

How did the situation in Arkansas change?

A

Amended Arkansas Constitution to protect segregation

41
Q

What did Little Rock Central Schools request in Feb. 1958?

A

To pause integration for 30 months

42
Q

Cooper v. Aaron

A

Little Rock Central school said Faubus created a chaotic and disorderly situation by allowing integration. Returning to segregation will restore law and order.

43
Q

Cooper v. Aaron year

A

1958

44
Q

Cooper v. Aaron ruling

A

You cannot restore law and order by depriving another of their rights.

45
Q

Overall impact of Cooper v. Aaron on Southern Manifesto

A

Once SCOTUS renders a verdict, states cannot ignore that verdict

46
Q

When did the Montegomery Bus Boycotts occur?

A

Mid 1950s

47
Q

When was Claudette Colvin arrested

A

March 2nd, 1955

48
Q

When was Rosa Parks arrested?

A

December 2nd, 1955

49
Q

Who led the Montgomery Bus Boycotts?

A

Martin Luther King jr.

50
Q

Why was the Bus boycotts so successful?

A

Majority of bus riders on Montgomery were black = major financial loss to city

51
Q

How long was the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

A

Dec. 5, 1955 - Dec. 20, 1956

52
Q

Greensboro Sit-in

A

University student sat from opening to closing at Woolworth’s lunch counter in Greensboro

53
Q

Why was Greensboro Sit-in so impactful?

A

it was successful

54
Q

Impact of Greensboro Sit-in

A

Fostered 70,000 participants nationally to sit-in to desegregate businesses and institutions

55
Q

When was the Greensboro Sit-in?

A

Feb. 1, 1960

56
Q

What organisation did the Greensboro Sit-in foster?

A

SNCC (Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee)

57
Q

Freedom Riders

A

Group of people who challenged laws on segregated interstate buses.

58
Q

when were the freedom rider protests?

A

1960

59
Q

When did JFK take office?

A

1961

60
Q

How did JFK end segregation on interstate transportation?

A

determined that ICC could regulate buses that travelled across state lines.

American Civ Since 1877 (4 decks)

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