American Foreign Policy

Question 1

John Foster Dulles

Answer 1

Eisenhower’s Secretary of State

Question 2

“The New Look” foreign policy

Answer 2

Force of Christianity and focus on nuclear weapons

Question 3

What was The New Look designed to do?

Answer 3

Surround USSR with nuclear weapons, and US would strike if the USSR attempted to expand.

Question 4

Sputnik

Answer 4

First satellite to be launched into space

Question 5

When was Sputnik launched?

Answer 5

October 4th, 1957

Question 6

Significance of Sputnik

Answer 6

Kickstarted the Space Race due to US fearing Russia would use space to launch nuclear weapons

Question 7

How did foreign policy change in 1957?

Answer 7

The New Look was insufficient as massive retaliation would only lead to mutually assured destruction

Question 8

Jacobo Arbenz

Answer 8

Elected leader of Guatemala in 1952

Question 9

What % of Guatemala land did United Fruit Co. own?

Answer 9

80%

Question 10

Why did US see Arbenz as a communist?

Answer 10

Arbenz wanted to redistribute unused land that Fruit Co. owned and redistribute it to citizens

Question 11

When did CIA formed a coup to overthrow Guatemala govt?

Answer 11

1954

Question 12

What form of government replaced Guatemala’s democracy after the coup?

Answer 12

Military govt. backed by US.

Question 13

Who was president of Cuba in the 1940s?

Answer 13

Fulgencio Batista

Question 14

What occurred in Cuba in 1959?

Answer 14

Fidel Castro led a revolution against the Cuban government and took control.

Question 15

What led to tensions between Castro and the US?

Answer 15

Castro refused aid from US and began to work closely with the USSR.

Question 16

When was the Bay of Pigs?

Answer 16

April 17th, 1961

Question 17

Bay of Pigs

Answer 17

CIA trained Cuban exiles to invade Cuba to take down Castro through an amphibious invasion of Southern Cuba and then moving into the mountains.

Question 18

Why did the Bay of Pigs fail?

Answer 18

Landing location was changed and was too far from the mountains. Exiles pinned by Cuban military.

Question 19

When was Operation Mongoose

Answer 19

November 30th, 1961

Question 20

Operation Mongoose

Answer 20

covert plan by CIA with goal of taking down Castro’s regime in Cuba.

Question 21

When was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Answer 21

October 16th, 1962

Question 22

Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 22

USSR transporting and assembling medium-range and long-range nuclear missiles on Cuba.

Question 23

Who took over Egypt after the military coup in 1952?

Answer 23

Gamal Abdel Nasser

Question 24

What did Nessar want to build on the Nile River?

Answer 24

a hydroelectric dam

Question 25

Why did Nessar refuse funding from the US for his dam?

Answer 25

Wanted both money and weapons

Question 26

Why did Nessar seize the Suez Canal?

Answer 26

To use the fees ships paid to travel through it to fund his dam

Question 27

Suez Canal

Answer 27

canal between the Red Sea and the Mediteranean jointly owned by the British and French

Question 28

Britain and France’s response to the seizing of the Suez Canal

Answer 28

B & F attacked Egypt with help of Israel

Question 29

USSR response to conflict over Suez Canal

Answer 29

Threatened Britain and France

Question 30

Impact of US refusing to get involved in Suez Crisis?

Answer 30

1. Weakens US standing in Europe
2. Leads France to develop their own nuclear weapons to not rely on US

Question 31

Who was the Iranian Prime Minister in 1953?

Answer 31

Mohammad Mossadegh

Question 32

What was Mohammad Mossadegh’s main goal?

Answer 32

Nationalize oil companies and have Iranian oil under full control of Iran

Question 33

What did CIA do in Iran in 1953?

Answer 33

Bought off military and mobsters in Iran’s capital to inspire pro-Shah revolution

Question 34

Outcome of Iran coup in 1953

Answer 34

Shah crushes dissent in Tehran using US funding and weapons.

Question 35

When was the Eisenhower Doctrine issued?

Answer 35

1957

Question 36

Eisenhower Doctrine

Answer 36

Document proclaiming aid to any middle-eastern nation facing threat of communism

Question 37

What kind of foreign policy did JFK advocate for?

Answer 37

Flexible military response that would be tailored to the threat

Question 38

Why did Kennedy fund special forces?

Answer 38

To tackle smaller threats

Question 39

Alliance for Progress

Answer 39

JFK’s policy to provide funding to Latin America to promote democracy and develop infrastructure reform.

Question 40

What president started the bay of pigs operation?

Answer 40

Eisenhower

Question 41

What did JFK request for the Bay of Pigs operation to ensure plausible deniability?

Answer 41

for US-funded equipment to be scrubbed of anything tying it to US

Question 42

What did Bay of Pigs convince USSR of?

Answer 42

That America will do anything in their power to get rid of Castro

Question 43

September 1962

Answer 43

Kennedy declared that the US would look at the USSR presence on Cuba as a significant threat to the US.

Question 44

When did the US learn of the missiles on Cuba?

Answer 44

December 1962

Question 45

Why did JFK want no part in the committee he assembled to find a solution to the missile crisis?

Answer 45

Feared his presence in the meetings might cause them to tailor their advice to his desires

Question 46

What possible solutions did the missile crisis committee propose?

Answer 46

• Air force: air strikes.
• Army: invasion of Cuba.
• Seek out aid from UN and make it a diplomatic issue.
• Naval blockade of Cuba.
• Take no action as US had missiles pointed at heart of Soviet Union.

Question 47

What solution did Kennedy adopt to handle the missile crisis?

Answer 47

Partial blockade of Cuba along with requesting aid from UN

Question 48

Who handled UN negotiations about Russian missiles?

Answer 48

Addley Stevenson