civil rights and race relations, own knowledge tidbits Flashcards
1
Q
white supremacist groups
A
- kkk
- white league
- knights of white camellia
2
Q
ku klux klan
A
- december 24th 1865
- confederate veterans
- aim: wished to rebuild confederacy and reinstate slavery
- methods: intimidation, lynching, disenfranchisement
- preventions: kkk act of 1871, permitted martial law in counties where terror groups where active
3
Q
white league
A
- march 1874
- military arm of democratic party
- aim: remove black americans from government
- notable events: coushatta massacre, forced 6 members of republic party to resign and then murdered them, along with 5 black americans, battle of liberty place, white league assembled in new orleans demanding the instatement of a democratic governor, ended after president grant sent army to sort dispute, no charges given but all people of Louisiana had there right to vote removed till 3 yrs later
4
Q
knights of white camellia
A
- incidents: 1873, easter sunday, small militia of white americancs armed with a cannon and rifles began killing black americans, after 50 died black americans offerered there surrender for a truce, this was ignored and the white americans continued the massacre killing 280 black americans
- preventions: congress issued the 1870 enforcement act placing penalties against those that interferred with citizens, black or white. second reinforcement act placed the election of a congressaman under the surveillance of federal election officials. third reinforcement act gave federal troops the power to suspend habeas corpus and arrest suspected KKK members
5
Q
Tulsa riot, 1919
A
- trigger: young black man accused of assaulting white women (defacto)
- white mob of 2000 surrounded jail attempting to lynch young black man, black Americans came to protect him
- resulted in 200 to 300 black Americans dead and 1000 black homes/businesses burned
- resulted in half of Tulsa’s black population leaving (approx. 2500)
6
Q
New York, 1964
A
- killing of black youth by white police officer (defacto)
- lasted six days, Harlem freedom fighters instructed crowd how to make Molotov cocktails
- 600 stores broken into
- tactical police force used
- set the scene for riots 64 - 68
7
Q
Watts (L.A.), 1965
A
- arrest of a black supposed drunk driver by white officer, resulting in a crowd forming and a violent exchange to break out (dejure)
- rioters overturned and burned cars, looted sores
- national guard called in, curfew imposed over 4.5 miles of L.A.
- Los Angeles was slow to recover from the damage caused by this riot
8
Q
Newark riot, 1967
A
- arrest of a black American charged with assault of a police officer (dejure)
- death of 10yr old black American, Edward Moses
- national guard opened fire on rioters, 26 black Americans were killed, 1000+ injured
- black outrage and increased police brutality in the area
- president Johnson set up the Kerner commission to report o the cause of riots
9
Q
agricultural adjustment administration (AAA)*
A
- reducing overproduction to increase price of produce
- impact on black Americans: resulted in 200,00 black sharecroppers getting evicted due to reduced income of landowners, they also rarely got the compensations they were due
10
Q
Tennessee valley authority (TVA)
A
- tackled important problems facing the valley such as flooding, providing electricity to homes and businesses, improving farming methods, reducing unemployment
- impact on black Americans: provided employment, but faced discrimination
11
Q
civilian conservation corps (CCC)*
A
- provided work to young unmarried men, would plant trees, build flood barriers, prevent forest fires etc, (social welfare)
- impact on black Americans: employed 200,000 black Americans but those employed faced discrimination and segregation
12
Q
national recovery administration (NRA)
A
- attempted to limit unfair work hours and work conditions by bringing industry, labor and government together to form fair practices and minimum wages
- impact on black Americans: excluded agricultural and domestic workers of which a majority were black, also many minimum wages were listed as lower for black Americans
13
Q
public works administration (PWA)
A
- aimed to create jobs through public works programmes, reducing unemployment and increasing purchasing power by construction of highways and public buildings
- impact on black Americans: black Americans employed received equal pay and by 1940 30% of black Americans occupied PWA-built homes
14
Q
works progress/(projects(after 1939)) administration (WPA)
A
- aimed to employ as many people as possible on projects that would provide long term benefit to communities
- constructed roads, buildings, parks and airports
- impact on black Americans: employed 300,000 annually on average, taught 250,000 to read and write, but occupied a very small percentage of the supervisory roles
15
Q
national youth administration (NYA)
A
- aimed to employ youth
- put them to work on public works projects
- impact on black Americans: 500,000 got aid and were taught skills, had a fair distribution if funds, implemented segregation
