Civil Rights - America

Question 1

what was the atlantic slave trade

Answer 1

the atlantic slave trade saw slaves “imported” from Africa into America

Question 2

when was the atlantic slave trade?

Answer 2

1500s to the mid-1800

Question 3

what were the travel conditions like during the transatlantic slave trade?

Answer 3

they were inhuman, with boats far exceeding their capacity with slaves crammed onto them. slaves faced disease such as dysentery, fever, small-pox and eye diseases. the heat belowdecks was oppressive and seasickness was common. they endured this for about two months

Question 4

where did the slaves work

Answer 4

they worked on plantations mainly, which was highly lucrative and held up the economy.
*tobacco and cocoa
*cotton and rice
*sugar cane
*indigo plantations

Question 5

how were slaves treated

Answer 5

punishments took many forms, including whippings, torture, mutilation, imprisonment, and being sold away from the plantation.
owners could kill them for no reason and face no punishment.

Question 6

when was the civil war

Answer 6

1861 - 1865

Question 7

what was the civil war about?

Answer 7

north wants to abolish slavery, south wants to keep it.
south has far more slavery than the north and it props up the economy,

Question 8

what was the result of the civil war?

Answer 8

north win after four years and unifies united states

Question 9

what amendments were created after the civil war?

Answer 9

13th - forbids chattel slavery across the United States and in every territory under its control, except as a criminal punishment. (abolished slavery)
14th - gave african americans citizenship rights and equal protections (citizenship)

Question 10

what is the 15th amendment

Answer 10

grants the right to vote for all male citizens regardless of their ethnicity or prior slave status.

Question 11

What were Jim crow laws and why were they implemented?

Answer 11

Jim crow laws were implemented by Southern States as a way to limit and control black american freedoms. They were laws known as “separate but equal”, in which both races had the same rights, but they were given separately, often with black people receiving a worse end. for example, bubblers were different for black and white people, with black people receiving a dirtier, more decrepit bubbler.

Question 12

the jim crow laws were ___ and ___ laws.

Answer 12

state, local

Question 13

jim crow laws enforced racial
________.

Answer 13

segregation

Question 14

who was emmett till?

Answer 14

a 14 year old boy from chicago, who ent down south with his uncle and cousin to spend time with relatives.

Question 15

what happened to emmett?

Answer 15

he was accused of flirting with Carolyn Bryant in a grocery store, where he allegedly whistled / touched hand or waist of / flirted as he was leaving the store.
emmett got abducted by Roy Bryant and J.W Milam.
He was beat, had an eye gouged out and was taken to a local river before he was shot in the head.
His body was tied to a metal fan with barbed wire and dumped in the river.

Question 16

how were the accused of emmett till’s death found?

Answer 16

not guilty by an all-white jury. local authorities responded to national criticism by defending missispians and supporting the killers.

Question 17

when did emmet till die

Answer 17

august, 1955

Question 18

emmett till’s mother did an _____ casket.

Answer 18

open

Question 19

when was the little rock nine

Answer 19

September, 1957

Question 20

what did the little rock nine do?

Answer 20

Nine teenagers became the first African American students to desegregate Little Rock Central High School in Arkansas

Question 21

what was it like for the little rock nine trying to enter the school?

Answer 21

*They received warnings to not arrive on the first day of school. on the second day the nine African American students, accompanied by a group of interracial ministers arrived.
*a large white mob was in front of the school, who shouted, threw stones, and threatened to kill the students. *about 270 soldiers of the Arkansas National Guard, sent by Arkansas Gov. blocked the school’s entrance.
*President Eisenhower sent in 1,200 troops from the army’s elite 101st Airborne division to take control. They dispersed the mob in the front of the school and quelled the racial unrest.
The army unit then met the students at Daisy Bates’s house every day to escort them to school. They successfully entered for the first time through a side entrance later in the month of september

Question 22

why did they desegregate the skl?

Answer 22

Despite in 1954, when schools were legally made black and white, Southern states not only dragged their feet but went to extraordinary lengths in their resistance.
Daisy Bates, the president of the NAACP sued the Little Rock school board

Question 23

who out of the little rock nine was the first to graduate?

Answer 23

senior Ernest Green in 1958, became the first African American to graduate from Little Rock Central High School.

Question 24

what did the students face when inside the skl? (little rock nine)

Answer 24

*n word normalised
*racial slurs
*students stepping on their hells
*needing a spare set of clothes because their own was routinely showered with food in the cafeteria

Question 25

were the little rock nine successful?

Answer 25

They were the very first to desegregate the schools. This alone in principle showed all the other black kids across America that they could do so, too. They were the epitome of the fight for educational rights across the US.

Question 26

who were the freedom riders?

Answer 26

Freedom Riders were groups of white and African American civil rights activists who participated in Freedom Rides, bus trips through the American South in 1961 to protest segregated bus terminals.
the activists were students activists from the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE).

Question 27

when was the freedom ride

Answer 27

American South in 1961

Question 28

why did they go on a freedom ride

Answer 28

Court rulings that had declared segregation on public buses and facilities unconstitutional. Despite these rulings, Southern states had largely ignored them, and segregation remained the norm.

Question 29

what did the freedom ride accomplish

Answer 29

*drew attention to continued segregation
*the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) issued regulations banning segregation in interstate travel
*solidified non-violent resistance of the movement
*national and international awareness

Question 30

what was the purpose of the march on washington

Answer 30

The purpose of the march was to advocate for the civil and economic rights of African Americans

Question 31

when/where was the march on washington

Answer 31

held in Washington, D.C., on August, 1963.

Question 32

how many people were at the march on washington

Answer 32

250,000 people

Question 33

what was the impact of the march on washington

Answer 33

• The march was successful in pressuring the administration of John F. Kennedy to initiate a strong federal civil rights bill in Congress e.g stronger bills in terms of desegregation, anti-discrimination, and the power of the federal government to stop individuals on state levels to continue not listening to desegregative laws
  *drew international and national attention (influenced AUS freedom ride)

Question 34

what famous speech was made at the march on washington

Answer 34

the I Have a Dream speech, by Martin Luther King

Question 35

what did the Civil rights act of 1965 do

Answer 35

it aimed to get rid of barriers against african-american people voting, particularly in the south.

1. Literacy Tests:
   Southern states required potential voters to pass a reading or writing test in order to vote. The tests were designed to be deliberately difficult for African American people, and even more so from their lack of education due to previous slavery and segregation in educational spaces. Many white citizens were either exempt from these tests or given easier versions.
2. Poll Taxes:
   Some states imposed fees that people had to pay in order to vote. Since many African Americans in the South lived in poverty due to systemic racism and lack of economic opportunities, this barred them from voting.
3. Grandfather Clauses:
   These laws allowed individuals to bypass literacy tests or poll taxes if their ancestors had voted before the Civil War. Since most African Americans had been enslaved and unable to vote before the war, they did not qualify for this exemption, while many white citizens did.
4. Intimidation and Violence:
   Beyond legal barriers, African Americans faced threats, violence, and intimidation by groups like the Ku Klux Klan if they attempted to vote.

Question 36

what was the greensboro sit in

Answer 36

On the afternoon of February 1, 1960, the Greensboro Four entered a Woolworth’s general merchandise store that had a dining area. While Blacks were allowed to patronize the dining area, the lunch counter was designated for “whites only.” The Greensboro Four politely requested service at the counter, remaining seated while their orders were refused by the waitstaff.

Question 37

what was the impact of the sit in

Answer 37

drew national media coverage
by july, the woolworths center was serving all patrons regardless of race
paved the way for integrated dining areas

Question 38

when was the greensboro sit in

Answer 38

began on February 1, 1960.