Civil Rights Flashcards
separation of groups (white/ black)
segregation
supreme court looking at segregation
segregation is okay, but separate must be equal
jim crow laws are now okay
desegregation was not chosen by federal gov
plessy v ferguson
first african american baseball player
jackie robinson
linda’s father filed a lawsuit against differences between her school and a white school
brown v board
attorney documenting why the schools were not equal
first black justice nominated to supreme court ruled in favor of brown and daughter
said separate has never been equal; therefore, separate is never equal
plessy v ferguson no longer makes sense
no legal basis to segregate
brown got victory
thurgood marshall
first central high school that integrated within the south
national guard was sent to surround school, preventing kids to enter for 3 weeks
lots of pressure on eisenhower
sent 1000 federal troops
little rock mine
african americans decided to boycott buses
montgomery bus boycott
put in charge of bus boycott
got laws to be considered unconstitutional
successful boycott
martin luther king jr
SCLC
southern christian leadership conference
protects voting
created a civil rights commission
no means to enforce the act
hard to enforce in small, rural communities
civil rights act 1957
book on how to change in an effective manner
thoreau
must obey the law, but can act on laws that are unjust
civil disobedience
believed he could use faith to move the movement forward, following thoreau and ghandi
luther
go somewhere and don’t move
sit in the “wrong section”
hurt businesses
began drawing attention to movement
sit-in
college students who decided to rent out businesses and take them through segregated southern areas
did not work well, multiple stops, beaten, bombed
freedom riders
about 200,000 people showed up
peaceful/ non-violent
march on washington
act was filibustered (did not put a time limit on it)
senator continuously talks, delaying the vote
filibustered for 80 days
civil rights act 1964
45% of mississippi were african americans, but only how many were registered to vote
5%
whistles at woman, woman told her husband, killed till, later found in river dead
put Mississippi on radar for civil rights activists
emmett till
college kids went around, helping people register to vote
3 boys were murdered for trying to help
freedom summer
very segregated
marchers were attacked .. “bloody sunday”
gov intervenes w president johnson
selma to montgomery
gov could now check if any violatons were occurring
now have to pay a tax to vote
voting literacy test if would not pay tax (very confusing)
voting rights act 1965
fry was getting arrested, brother in passenger seat, went to get mother
got so heated, mother ended up getting arrested too
people began throwing rocks at cops
by end of night, 29 people had been arrested
police insist on filing charges against everyone, a violent riot breaks out
absolute chaos
whole blocks were burned to ground insurance claims and property damage: $3 million
watts riot
establishment selling alc illegally after hours fights break out between people and cops 43 people dead 10 million people participated $1 billion in repairs
detroit raids
believed white racism caused the riots
“the balloon had burst”
lerner commission
became muslim while in jail
joined nation of islam
brought in Muhammad ali
last name was originally little, but changed it due to association w plantations
believed if someone did something, you fight back
became controversial figure after switching to a different association in islam
banned from teaching in mosques
killed by nation of islam
hit 9 times by gun
malcom x
began new movement
olympians did black power symbol at games
black power
soul purpose to protect people against police
clashes occurred often
community support, raised money
black panthers
