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POLISCI102 Exam 2 > Civil Rights > Flashcards

Civil Rights Flashcards

1
Q

Civil Rights

A

Rights and privileges that are guaranteed by the government to all citiizens by the 4th and 14th Amendment

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2
Q

Inherent characteristics

A

Individual characteristics that can not be changed

Example: Race, Religion, National Origin

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3
Q

Strict Scrutiny Test

A

A test to determine unequal treatment for inherent characteristics cases

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4
Q

Heightened Scrutiny Test

A

A test to determine unequal treatment for sex-based discrimination cases

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5
Q

Ordinary Scrutiny Test

A

A test to determine unequal treatment for sexual orientation cases

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6
Q

Dred Scott v Sandford

A

Ruled that African American citizens can not be American citizens

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7
Q

Emancipation Proclamation

A

In April 1862, Abraham Lincoln proclaimed that all slaves are free from their owners

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8
Q

13th Amendment

A

Abolished slavery

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9
Q

14th Amendment

A

Grants citizenship to all citizens born or naturalized in the United States

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10
Q

15th Amendment

A

Gave the right to vote to African American men

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11
Q

Jim Crow laws

A

The requirement for strict separation of racial groups

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12
Q

De jure Segregation

A

The legal mandate of segregation

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13
Q

How did the south suppress African American voters?

A

White primary - Crackas can only vote
Literacy test - A test to see if a person can understand the language
Poll tax - A tax paid when niggas voted
Grandfather clause - If yo grand daddy didn’t vote, y’all niggas can’t vote

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14
Q

What did the Civil Right cases of 1883 do for segregation?

A

Claimed that they could only ban discrimination at the state and local governments

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15
Q

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

A

Upheld state laws that required the segregation of public facilities
The separate but equal doctrine

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16
Q

What did the NAACP do?

A

In the 1930s, The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People brought the end of discrimination admissions in professional schools

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17
Q

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

A

The desegregation of schools due to the violation of the 14th Amendment

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18
Q

What are the desegregation movements that gained national visibility

A

The Murder of Emmett Till (1955)

Rosa Parks and the bus boycott led by MLK (1955)

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19
Q

Civil Rights Act (1964)

A

Banned the voting discrimination practices, public facilities segregation, public accommodations discrimination, discrimination in government agencies
Established a standard of equality in employment opportunity

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20
Q

Civil Rights Act (1965)

A

Banned voter registration practices

Mandate federal intervention if less than 50% of the population is eligible to vote

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21
Q

Shelby County, Alabama v. Holder (2013)

A

Allowed some counties to have preclearance from the Supreme Court for any law impacting voting procedures

22
Q

Civil Rights Act (1968)

A

Ended the discrimination process in housing

23
Q

De facto segregation

A

Individual preference discrimination

24
Q

What did woman do in response to the civil rights groups?

A

Women created the women’s right movement which sought equal protection of laws regardless of gender

25
19th Amendment
Extended the right to vote for women
26
26th Amendment
Changed the voting age to 18
27
Franklin v Gwinnett County Public Schools
Allow the prosecution for sexual harassment in public schools and can sue for monetary damages
28
Reed v Reed (1971)
Banned the discrimination for administrators of estates
29
Craig v Boren (1976)
Subjected any statutory or administrative classifications are considered heightened scrutiny This case was about setting different drinking ages for men and women, so this would be unconstitutional.
30
US v Virginia (1996)
Subjected the sexual discrimination as a form of heightened scrutiny in public schools
31
The Proposed Equal Rights Amendments
Proposed the equal treatment of all citizens of the US regardless of sex Struck down to because it was short of 3 states
32
Intersectionality
The experience of multiple forms of oppression simultaneously
33
Lily Ledbetter Equal Pay Act (2009)
Protected against pay discrimination on the account of sex
34
What did the Native Americas do for civil rights?
Gained citizenship, civil rights, and the ability to allow Indian gaming
35
Mendez v Westminister (1945)
Extended equal protection to latinos as well as equal education opportunity
36
Corpus Christi Independent School District v Cisneros (1971)
Stopped the discrimination of school children based on color
37
Arizona v United States (2012)
Banned the punishment of unauthorized immigrants | Allowed law enforcement to investigate immigration status
38
California Prop 187
Established a state-run citizenship screening system and prohibited illegal alliens from public services
39
Arizona SB1070
The requirement for police to investigate the immigration status of someone for "reasonable suspicion"
40
Immigration and National Act (1952)
Allowed Asian-American citizenship
41
Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)
Defines a disability as any physical or mental impairment that limits a person from major life activites Broadened in 2008 to define what "limits" and what "life activities" mean
42
United States v Windsor (2013)
Declares Defense of Marriage Act (1996) unconstitutional
43
Obergefell v Hodges (2015)
Banned same-sex marriage discrimination
44
Bowers v Hardwick (1986)
Deemed homosexual sex as illegal sodomy
45
Romer v Evans (1996)
Deemed it unconstitutional to deny equal protection due to sexual orientation
46
Lawrence v Texas (2003)
Deemed it unconstitutional for sodomy to be illegal
47
Affirmative Action
The encouragement to hire or enroll minorities and woman
48
Bakke v UC (1978)
Upheld affirmative action | Encouraging race to be a factor in the college admission policy
49
Grutter v Bollinger (2003)
Upheld the affirmative action admissions policy of the University of Michigan Law School
50
Fisher v UT (2013)
Determined that the appeals court failed to apply strict scrutiny in its decision Case remanded for further consideration

POLISCI102 Exam 2 (5 decks)

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