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POLISCI102 Exam 2 > Civil Rights > Flashcards

Civil Rights Flashcards

1
Q

Civil Rights

A

Rights and privileges that are guaranteed by the government to all citiizens by the 4th and 14th Amendment

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2
Q

Inherent characteristics

A

Individual characteristics that can not be changed

Example: Race, Religion, National Origin

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3
Q

Strict Scrutiny Test

A

A test to determine unequal treatment for inherent characteristics cases

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4
Q

Heightened Scrutiny Test

A

A test to determine unequal treatment for sex-based discrimination cases

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5
Q

Ordinary Scrutiny Test

A

A test to determine unequal treatment for sexual orientation cases

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6
Q

Dred Scott v Sandford

A

Ruled that African American citizens can not be American citizens

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7
Q

Emancipation Proclamation

A

In April 1862, Abraham Lincoln proclaimed that all slaves are free from their owners

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8
Q

13th Amendment

A

Abolished slavery

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9
Q

14th Amendment

A

Grants citizenship to all citizens born or naturalized in the United States

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10
Q

15th Amendment

A

Gave the right to vote to African American men

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11
Q

Jim Crow laws

A

The requirement for strict separation of racial groups

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12
Q

De jure Segregation

A

The legal mandate of segregation

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13
Q

How did the south suppress African American voters?

A

White primary - Crackas can only vote
Literacy test - A test to see if a person can understand the language
Poll tax - A tax paid when niggas voted
Grandfather clause - If yo grand daddy didn’t vote, y’all niggas can’t vote

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14
Q

What did the Civil Right cases of 1883 do for segregation?

A

Claimed that they could only ban discrimination at the state and local governments

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15
Q

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

A

Upheld state laws that required the segregation of public facilities
The separate but equal doctrine

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16
Q

What did the NAACP do?

A

In the 1930s, The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People brought the end of discrimination admissions in professional schools

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17
Q

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

A

The desegregation of schools due to the violation of the 14th Amendment

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18
Q

What are the desegregation movements that gained national visibility

A

The Murder of Emmett Till (1955)

Rosa Parks and the bus boycott led by MLK (1955)

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19
Q

Civil Rights Act (1964)

A

Banned the voting discrimination practices, public facilities segregation, public accommodations discrimination, discrimination in government agencies
Established a standard of equality in employment opportunity

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20
Q

Civil Rights Act (1965)

A

Banned voter registration practices

Mandate federal intervention if less than 50% of the population is eligible to vote

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21
Q

Shelby County, Alabama v. Holder (2013)

A

Allowed some counties to have preclearance from the Supreme Court for any law impacting voting procedures

22
Q

Civil Rights Act (1968)

A

Ended the discrimination process in housing

23
Q

De facto segregation

A

Individual preference discrimination

24
Q

What did woman do in response to the civil rights groups?

A

Women created the women’s right movement which sought equal protection of laws regardless of gender

25
Q

19th Amendment

A

Extended the right to vote for women

26
Q

26th Amendment

A

Changed the voting age to 18

27
Q

Franklin v Gwinnett County Public Schools

A

Allow the prosecution for sexual harassment in public schools and can sue for monetary damages

28
Q

Reed v Reed (1971)

A

Banned the discrimination for administrators of estates

29
Q

Craig v Boren (1976)

A

Subjected any statutory or administrative classifications are considered heightened scrutiny

This case was about setting different drinking ages for men and women, so this would be unconstitutional.

30
Q

US v Virginia (1996)

A

Subjected the sexual discrimination as a form of heightened scrutiny in public schools

31
Q

The Proposed Equal Rights Amendments

A

Proposed the equal treatment of all citizens of the US regardless of sex
Struck down to because it was short of 3 states

32
Q

Intersectionality

A

The experience of multiple forms of oppression simultaneously

33
Q

Lily Ledbetter Equal Pay Act (2009)

A

Protected against pay discrimination on the account of sex

34
Q

What did the Native Americas do for civil rights?

A

Gained citizenship, civil rights, and the ability to allow Indian gaming

35
Q

Mendez v Westminister (1945)

A

Extended equal protection to latinos as well as equal education opportunity

36
Q

Corpus Christi Independent School District v Cisneros (1971)

A

Stopped the discrimination of school children based on color

37
Q

Arizona v United States (2012)

A

Banned the punishment of unauthorized immigrants

Allowed law enforcement to investigate immigration status

38
Q

California Prop 187

A

Established a state-run citizenship screening system and prohibited illegal alliens from public services

39
Q

Arizona SB1070

A

The requirement for police to investigate the immigration status of someone for “reasonable suspicion”

40
Q

Immigration and National Act (1952)

A

Allowed Asian-American citizenship

41
Q

Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)

A

Defines a disability as any physical or mental impairment that limits a person from major life activites
Broadened in 2008 to define what “limits” and what “life activities” mean

42
Q

United States v Windsor (2013)

A

Declares Defense of Marriage Act (1996) unconstitutional

43
Q

Obergefell v Hodges (2015)

A

Banned same-sex marriage discrimination

44
Q

Bowers v Hardwick (1986)

A

Deemed homosexual sex as illegal sodomy

45
Q

Romer v Evans (1996)

A

Deemed it unconstitutional to deny equal protection due to sexual orientation

46
Q

Lawrence v Texas (2003)

A

Deemed it unconstitutional for sodomy to be illegal

47
Q

Affirmative Action

A

The encouragement to hire or enroll minorities and woman

48
Q

Bakke v UC (1978)

A

Upheld affirmative action

Encouraging race to be a factor in the college admission policy

49
Q

Grutter v Bollinger (2003)

A

Upheld the affirmative action admissions policy of the University of Michigan Law School

50
Q

Fisher v UT (2013)

A

Determined that the appeals court failed to apply strict scrutiny in its decision
Case remanded for further consideration

POLISCI102 Exam 2 (5 decks)

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