Civil Rights 1865-1992 p2.

Question 1

Reconstruction:

Answer 1

• black codes restricted the rights of African Americans, allowing attacks upon them
• Freemans Bureau: promoted welfare and education
• 14th and 15th Amendment, outlawed discrimination
• Civil Rights Act (1866) giving legal equality
• Congressional Reconstruction = radical changes before 1960’s AA gained more political rights and representations

Question 2

the position of AA after the American Civil War:

Answer 2

• Emancipation Proclamation (1963) ended slavery
• freed over 4 million enslaved, AA far from equal
• sharecropping

Question 3

The role of African Americans gaining rights:

Answer 3

Some AA:
- fought against discrimination by challenging legality

• stressed social and economical improvement
• aimed for integration, while some aimed for segregation
• adopted peaceful methods, while some others believed in more violent and direct approach

Question 4

White Citizen’s’ Councils:

Answer 4

• formed after the Brown vs. Board of Education (1954) in order to protest against desegregation in schools
• intimidated AA register to vote and hostile actions towards civil rights initiatives
• councils decline in 1960s

Question 5

The Civil Rights Movement: (1964-5)

Answer 5

• the high point of (1964-5):
• the Johnson era civil rights legislation
• 1964 constitutional amendment stated ‘ no one should be deprived the right to vote
• busing: policy of enforcing integration in schools