Civil Rights Flashcards
dedicated his life to fighting racism; known for victory case of Brown v. Board of Edcuation
Thurgood Marshall
father of eight-year old Linda Brown charged the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas with violating Linda’s rights of admission to an all white elementary school four blocks from her house, because the nearest black school was 21 blocks away
Brown v. Board of Education
refused to give up her seat on the bus for a white lady
Rosa Parks
gave famous, “I had a Dream” speech
Martin Luther King Jr.
harnessed the energy of student protests
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
purpose was to carry on nonviolent crusades against the evils of second class citzenship
Southern Christain Leadership Conference
African-American protestors sat down at segregated lunch counters and refused to leave until they were served
Sit-in
hoped to convince the Kennedy administration to enforce the law
Freedom riders
won a federal case that allowed him to enroll in the all-white University of Mississipi
James Meredith
organizer of boycotts and voter registration drives in Mississippi; murdered by a sniper hours after Kennedy’s speech
Medgar Evers
prohibited discrimination of race, religion, nation origin, and gender
Civil Rights Act of 1964
14 yr old African American boy that was murdered brought nationwide attention to racial violence and injustice in Mississippi
Emmet Till
American civil rights leader and politician; chairmanship of SNCC
John Lewis
campaign to influence Congress to pass a voting rights act focused in Mississippi
Freedom Summer
voice for African Americans at the 1964 Democratic National Convention
Fannie Lou Hammer
eliminated literacy tests that disqualified many voters
Voting Rights Act 1965
segregation that exists by practice and custom
De facto segregation
segregation by law
De jure segregation
developed a philosophy of black superiority and separatism from whites
Malcolm X
black Muslims
Nation of Islam
lead their followers to finish Meredith’s walk from the Tennessese border to Jackson
Stokely Carmichael
Social and political movement that emphasized radical pride, economic empowerment, and the creation of political and cultural institutions
Black Power
fought police brutality in the ghetto
Black Panthers
appointed to study the causes of urban violence
Kerner Commission
ended discrimination in housing
Civil Rights Act of 1968
equalized education & job opportunities
Affirmative Action
Grew up in Omaha Nebraska in a racial discrimination environment where his dad died and his mom was institutionalized putting him in Foster Care
Malcolm X
Grew up in Atlanta, Georgia in a middle class family experiencing the joys of family and the reality of discrimination
Martin Luther King Jr
Led the Afro-American Unity (OAAU) & was the Leader of the nation of Islam
Malcolm X
Led Southern Christain Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Martin Luther King Jr
goal was separation of blacks & whites by any means nesscary
OAAU - Malcolm X
goal was to achieve full equality for African Americans by non-violence
SCLC - Martin Luther King Jr
movement that stressed black pride
Black Power
program aimed at hiring or including minorities
Affirmative Action
First white student in Birmingham to participate in a sit-in (participated in Children’s Crusade)
Marti Turnipseed
Proved that young people can think & act responsibly and their actions could change the course of history (participated in Children’s Crusade)
Freeman Hrabowski
believed education would grant rights ( did not participate in Children’s Crusade)
Harold Jackson
proved it was not safe to be open & honest ( did not participate in Children’s Crusade)
Ingrid Kraus
1857 - enslaved people are not citizens
Dred-Scott Decision
1865 - have citzenship & black people can vote
14th & 15th Amendments
1896 - separate but equal
Plessy v. Ferguson
Early Civil Rights - end discrimination & fight against Jim Crow Laws
NAACP established
WWI - fought in ww1
Harlem Hellfighters
WW2 - victory at home & abroad
Double “V” Campaign
1948 - whites & blacks fight together
Millitary is Intergrated
1954 - ended segregation in schools
Brown v. board of Education
1956 - desegregation of buses
Montgomery Bus Boycott
1964 - more equality
Civil Rights
1965 - abolish poll taxes and literacy tests
Voting Rights
Where was MLK assassinated?
the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee
Leader of SNCC?
John Lewis, later followed by Stokely Carmichael
What does SNCC stand for?
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
Where did MLK give his “I have a dream speech”
the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.
What actions did CORE organize?
Freedom Rides & Sit-ins
After Rosa Parks did not give up her seat on the bus, Civil Rights Groups organized …
The Montgomery Bus Boycott
What is the Warren Court?
when Earl Warren served as Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, known for its landmark decisions that significantly impacted civil rights, criminal procedure, and freedom of speech.
