Civil Rights Flashcards
What are civil liberties?
Fundamental individual freedoms, such as freedom of speech, religion and association, many of these found in the Bill of Rights, generally intended tp give individual freedom from government authority
What are civil rights?
Additional protections that ensure groups of citizens are not discriminated against like the 14th amendment (1865), or landmark Supreme Court cases like Brown v Topeka (1954) or Roe V Wade (1973) or legislation through congress like the Voting Rights Act 1965
What did the framers of the Constitution sought to protect US citizens from?
An overly powerful government
What are inalienable rights?
Right that cannot be taken away, which the framer believe people had so designed the constitution with a complex amendment process, leading to entrenched rights
What is the first amendment in the Bill of Rights (1791)?
Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, potion the government for a redress of grievances
What is the second amendment in the Bill of Rights (1791)?
Rights to keep and bear arms
What is the third amendment in the Bill of Rights (1791)?
Right not to have military troops quartered in private homes
What is the fourth amendment in the Bill of Rights (1791)?
Right not to have unreasonable searches and seizures
What is the fifth amendment in the Bill of Rights (1791)?
Right of people accused of a crime
What is the sixth amendment in the Bill of Rights (1791)?
Right to a fair trial
What is the seventh amendment in the Bill of Rights (1791)?
Rights to a trial by jury in common law suits over a certain value
What is the eighth amendment in the Bill of Rights (1791)?
Right not to face excessive bail or fines, nor cruel or unusual punishment
What is the ninth amendment in the Bill of Rights (1791)?
Rights that are not enumerated by the Constitution are still held by the people and are protected
What is the tenth amendment in the Bill of Rights (1791)?
Right of the states to retain powers that are not delegated to the federal government by the Constitution
When the Bill of Rights was ratified in 1791 who did it apply to?
Free persons, so not slaves or women
What is the thirteenth amendment (1865)?
Abolished slavery
What is the fourteenth amendment (1868)?
Gave former enslaved people full citizenship and grants all citizens ‘equal protection’ under the law and the government cannot remove a citizens life or freedoms without ‘due process’