civics: sectionalism Flashcards
issues with creating a national government
states very different major difference between north and south slavery big issue north thought slavery morally wrong south thought north was attacking its way of life
Sectionalism
devotion to the interests of a region/ state over everything else
opposite of nationalism
esp southern states during 1800’s
nationalism
all americans rooting for same thing, nation over everything else
Southern opinion on slavery
agrarian society
slavery was way of life
even thought it was good for slaves, taught discipline
felt personally threatened by abolitionists desire to end slavery
northern opinion on slavery
more industrialized
Northwest ordinance
1787
during confederation
stated that there would not be any slavery allowed in new territory
Us Constitution
nothing specific said dealing with slavery
means it was left to the states
compromise so constitution would be ratified
fugitive slave clause
article 4 section 2 clause 3
article 4 describes federalism, state-state connection
if slave escapes to another state you have to return them to owner, if caught
5th amendment
1789
protects people’s right to personal property
southerners thought slaves were there property- able to do whatever they want with property
Dred Scott vs. sanford
1857
Supreme Court case
Chief Justice roger taney said slaves so far beneath whites could never be citizens of US
no right to sue for freedom, like dred scott did
gave constitutional proof that slaves are property
angered many abolitionalists
issues with balance
Senate= equal rep
same amount of free states as slave states, equal rep
20 million in north, 8 million in south
anti-slavery congressman
tried to limit slavery in new territory
illegal for slavery to exist in territory from mexico
passed in house, not in senate
Missouri Compromise
1820
Missouri asked for statehood as slave state
throw off balance in senate
compromise= missouri would enter as a slave state, and northern mass would become maine, a free state
a line also drawn 36 30 sw corner of Missouri
north was free state
south slave state
why did people flock to california?
gold was found
California was large, north and south of Missouri compromise line
three giants of senate
Henry Clay- west
daniel webster- north
john c. calhoun- south
clay’s suggestion
us should reach an agreement regarding slavery
californias should be free state
stricter fugitive slave laws to protect south interests
utah and New Mexico decided upon popular sovereignty
werbster’s opinion on clay’s idea
no reason people should reject california wont need slaves different crops New Mexico and utah are the same they will vote anti-slavery slavery wont spread but it will pacify the south
calhoun’s opinion
did not do enough to protect South’s interests
if north would not give into South’s demands the union will separate in peace
resolution
fight lasted many months
pro-slavery president Taylor and Calhoun died
door open for seperate compromise
compromise of 1850
passed as series of resolutions
not one bill
Stephen Douglas of Illinois worked hard to get it passed
california admitted as a free state, popular sovereignty enacted in utah and New Mexico
slavery not changed in DC save trade ended there
new fugitive slave act created
fugitive slave Act
federal law that required private citizens to returning runaway saves to owners
what about free african americans?how do you prove youre free?
many kidnapped and forced into slavery
northern response to fugitive slave act
any northerners refused to help
Underground Railroad helped runaway slaves out of south
sometimes thousands of miles into canada
personal liberty laws were passed
allowed local authorities to arrest slave catchers
sectionalism much?
Nebraska government
1854 wants to form a government, join the union
Kansa-Nebraska act
divided into two territories that would be slave/ free based on popular sovereignty
assumed Nebraska= slave and Kansa= free
some people went to Kansa to farm, others for political reasons
north\/ south pushed migration
rival governments in Kansas
anti-slavery in Topeka
pro-slavery inn Lecompton, close to border
violence in both sides
Kansas finally admitted as free state in 1861, after civil war began
senator sumner (ma) vs. rep brooks (sc)
sumner insulted slavery and sen. butler (sc)
Butler’s nephew rep brooks attacked sumner w/ a cane
sumner couldn’t return to senate for 3 years
constituency re-elected him as protest
congress threw brooks out
constituency re-elected him as protest against north tyranny
John Brown’s raid
fierce abolitionist not afraid to use violence thought he was an angel sent by god to rid country of slavery fall of 1859 he and 21 followers attacked federal arsenal at Harper Ferry, va hoped to inspire slave revolt failed captured and sentenced to death became a willing martyr of the cause
election of 1860
new political party- republican
anti slavery noinated Abraham Lincoln
country split into political segments based on population
more people in northern states
lincoln elected even though he didn’t win any south states
south horrified someone could win election with no southern states
thought north wasn’t going to look out for southern interests
South Carolina secedes
south in disbelief
South Carolina called a meeting of state legislature and December 20, 1860 left
by february 1861 six other states left and created the confederate states of america
jefferson davis named president
constitution drafted
very similar to US constitution, more state rights and protection of slavery
lincolns challenge
first goal to preserve union
second to get rid of slvery, less important
fort sumter, sc
only four forts left in the hands of the union
fort Sumter in Charlestown, sc was one
running out of supplies
lincoln wanted to resupply
southern forces didnt trust him and attacked fort
eventually union surrendered
considered act of war
lincoln requested 75,000 volunteer troops
Us Civil war
1861-1865
620,00 lives lost
2% of population
civil war amendments
13 (1865) no more slavery anywhere in us
14 (1868) all people bornm or naturalized in state are citizens of that state and us
former slaves are now people and citizens
15 (1870) suffrage rights for african american men
southern resisttence
d not enforce federal and constitutional law
specifically suffrage
north also ignored federal laws
eventually created laws restricting african american rights
after plessy vs. ferguson (1896) southern states passed different laws
segregated
obstacle to vote
road blocks : poll tax, gerrymandering, literacy tests, grandfather clause
people denied right to vote almost 100 years after civil war
eventually 1950-60 malcolm X, martin luther king jr, rosa parks
poll tax
tax to vote, inappropriate, blocked african americans
gerrymandering
redrawing district lines to hurt effectiveness of a group’s vote
literacy tests
only given to blacks always failed
grandfather clause
to vote your grandfather must be able to vote
expansion of voting rights in us
first it was 21+ landowning whit men 15 (1870) african american men 19 (1920) added women snyder act of 1924 made native americans citizens 26 (1971) added people over 18
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