Citric Acid Cycle/electron transport chain/Lipid metabolism Flashcards
Pyruvate formed through glycolysis can be converted into Acetyl coa and enter
the citric acid cycle
the citric acid cycle
in mitochondria, 8step circular pathway
Citric acid cycle Entry controlled by
conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA; ATP, NADH and Acetyl CoA negative effectors
main control point of citric acid cycle
step 3; atp, and nadh as negative effectors, adp and nad as positive effectors
Reduced coenzymes from citric acid cycle enter the
electron transport chain; oxidative phosphorylation follows to produce ATP
Electron Transport Chain
group of proteins and other molecules in the inner mitochondrial membrane; reduced coenzymes (NADH, FADH2) from CAC enter electron transport chain, donate energy to form atp, electrons pass from weaker to stronger oxidizing agents, energy is released during each transfer, oxygen is final electron acceptor
Potential energy difference
Created by H+ difference on two sides of inner membrane; concentration difference crucial for atp formation
Last step electron transport chain
electrons combine with O2 and H+ to form water
Total ATP gained from glucose
30-32 for humans
Triglycerides are hydrolyzed to
glycerol and fatty acids- can be used as a source for energy
β oxidation spiral
Fatty acid catabolism, 4 steps, removes 2 carbons w each turn, w each turn 1 acetylCoA, 1FADH2, 1NADH formed, coenzymes enter electron transport chain to produce atp
Excess Acetyl-CoA converted to
Ketone Bodies
Ketosis
overproduction of ketone bodies
Fatty acid anabolism (lipogenesis)
Spiral pathway adding 2 carbons at a time, takes place in cytoplasm, longest fatty acid in humans- 16 C long palmitic acid
Desaturase enzymes create
unsaturated fatty acids from saturated ones; double bond cannot be placed past carbon 10 in humans
