3&4 Flashcards
Ionic bond
Metal - Nonmetal
Covalent (molecular) bond
Nonmetal- Nonmetal
The ability of an atom to attract bonding electrons
Electronegativty
The bond has a partial positive end and a partial negative end
Polar covalent bonds
Less than 0.5
Nonpolar covalent
Greater than 0.4 to 1.5
Polar Covalent
Greater than 1.9
Ionic
1.5 to 2.0 (nonmetals)
Polar covalent
Between 1.5 and 2.0 (metals & nonmetals)
Ionic
A polar bond exists when hydrogen or carbon are covalently attached to
Nitrogen, Flourine, Oxygen, Chlorine
Tetrahedral
4 bonding (109.5)
Pyramidal
3 bonding 1 nonbonding (107.5)
Angular (bent)
2 bonding 2 nonbonding (104.5)
Trigonal Planar
3 bonding (118)
Angular (bent)
2 bonding 1 nonbonding (115)
Interaction of a N,O, F atom with a H that is covalently bonded to another N, O, F
Hydrogen Bonding
Attraction of neighboring polar groups to one another
Dipole Dipole
Alkane
Tetrahedral
Alkene
Trigonal planar
Alkine
Linear
OH group attached to alkane type carbon
Alcohols
OH group attached to an aromatic ring
Phenols
Have a C-O-C linkage
Ethers
an SH group attached to alkane type carbon
Thiols
C-S-C linkage
Sulfides
C-S-S-C
Disulfides
have a nitrogen directly attached to one or more alkane type or aromatic carbon atoms
Amines
a halogen is attached to an alkane type carbon atom
Alkyl Halides
C=O
Carbonyl
a carbonyl group is attached to two other carbon atoms
Ketones
A carbonyl group is attached to at least one hydrogen atom
Aldehyde
a carbonyl group is attached to an OH and an alkane type carbon
Carboxylic acid
Have a C-O linkage where one of the carbons is a carbonyl group
Esters
have a nitrogen atom attached to a carbonyl atom
Amides
