Cities and Urban Land Use Flashcards
APHG Cities
geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand on real estate changes as the distance towards the Central Business District (CBD) increases.
Bid rent theory
Illegal practice of inducing homeowners to sell their properties by telling them that a certain people of a certain race, national origin or religion are moving into the area
Blockbusting
rapidly growing city that remains essentially suburban in character even as it reaches populations of more than 100,000
Boomburbs
abandoned polluted industrial sites in central cities, many of which are today being cleaned and redeveloped
Brownfields
A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
Central Place Theory
An urban settlement that has been legally incorporated into an independent, self-governing unit.
city
According to world systems theory, the most advanced industrial countries, which take the lion’s share of profits in the world economic system.
core countries
Segregation resulting from economic or social conditions or personal choice.
de facto segregation
Area of a city inhabited permanently by slums, which often evolve from squatter settlements
Disamenity Zones
A large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area.
edge cities
communities that arise farther out than the suburbs and are typically populated by residents of high socioeconomic status
Exurbs
A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class owner-occupied area.
Gentrification
A ring of land maintained as parks, agricultural, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area
Greenbelt
land use pattern in which land is occupied by residential units that include multi-unit housing such as high-rise buildings and contain the highest people per geographic unit
high-density housing
the use of vacant land and property within a built-up area for further construction or development
Infilling
land use pattern meant for a small number of residential homes that include a lot of open space and contain the fewest people per geographic unit
low-density housing
land use pattern in which residential units include multi-unit housing, such as townhomes as well as single-unit housing
Medium Density Housing
cities with more than 10 million people
Megacities
A new term used to describe cities that have 20 million or more people
metacities
In the United States, a central city of at least 50,000 population, the county within which the city is located, and adjacent counties meeting one of several tests indicating a functional connection to the central city.
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)
land development that blends a combination of residential, commercial, cultural, institutional and/or industrial uses
mixed land use
A movement in urban planning to promote mixed use commercial and residential development and pedestrian friendly, community orientated cities. New urbanism is a reaction to the sprawling, automobile centered cities of the mid twentieth century.
New Urbanism
the least developed and least powerful nations; often exploited by the core countries as sources of raw materials, cheap labor, and markets
periphery countries
The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement.
primate city
A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement.
rank-size rule
A discriminatory real estate practice in North America in which members of minority groups are prevented from obtaining money to purchase homes or property in predominantly white neighborhoods. The practice derived its name from the red lines depicted on cadastral maps used by real estate agents and developers. Today, redlining is officially illegal.
Redlining
nations ranking in between core and periphery countries, with some attributes of the core countries but with less of a central role in the global economy
semi-periphery countries
The physical characteristics of a place, such as its topography, vegetation, and water resources.
site
The location of a place relative to another place or the connections between places
situation
Residential developments characterized by extreme poverty that usually exist on land just outside of cities that is neither owned nor rented by its occupants.
squatter settlements/barriadas
Movement of upper and middle-class people from urban core areas to the surrounding outskirts to escape pollution as well as deteriorating social conditions (perceived and actual). In North America, the process began in the early nineteenth century and became a mass phenomenon by the second half of the twentieth century.
Suburbanization
A ranking of settlements according to their size and economic functions.
urban hierarchy
Program in which cities identify blighted inner-city neighborhoods, acquire the properties from private members, relocate the residents and businesses, clear the site, build new roads and utilities, and turn the land over to private developers.
urban renewal
The process of urban areas expanding outwards, usually in the form of suburbs, and developing over fertile agricultural land.
urban sprawl
An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.
Urbanization
Dominant city in terms of its role in the global political economy. Not the world’s biggest city in terms of population or industrial output, but rather centers of strategic control of the world economy.
World Cities (Global Cities)
