CIS rapid fire Flashcards
where is adenocarcinoma not found?
what is this kind of cancer?
Testicular
seminoma or germ cell origin
cancer of the breast arises from what?
malignant transformation of precursor terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU)
Benign tumors arising from skeletal muscles are what?
Rhabdomyomas
young person has lesion in the cerebellar vermis, perinephric and vascular lesion in the retina.. what is it?
VHL –> pheochromocytoma and Renal cArcinoma
most cancers are what?
sporadic and epithelial in origin
spindle cell components mean what kind of cancer?
mesenchymal –> sarcoma
Squamous cell carcinoma is found where?
Esophagus
fibrosarcoma is what translocation?
what genes are associated with it?
12;15
ETV6-NTRK3
someone has iron deficiency and anemia, what cancer?
large bowel –> bleeding from the mucosa.
carcinoma in-situ is best characterized as…
pre-neoplastic
borderline cancers are what?
cancers we are not sure what happens.
substrate, what’s the most likely cancer?
oral
lung
liver
spleen
prostate
breast
squamous
adenocarcinoma, then squamous cell
hepatocellualr carcinoma
no common cancer
adenocarcinoma
what might you see as a marker for squamous cell carcinoma?
keratin!
Chondroid Hamartoma is what?
a cartilaginous tumor
Pelvis (of the kidney), Ureter, and bladder are what kind of cancers?
what about the kidney?
they are transitional epithelium so they are UROTHELIAL transitional cell cancers
adenocarcinomas!
big mass in the abdomen as well as other focal stuff in a whole different system?
think a syndromic tumor.
big mass in the abdomen as well as other focal stuff in a whole different system?
think a syndromic tumor.
giant plates are what?
bernard soulier
giant granules in neutrophils?
chediak Hidashi
homogenous IF, what is it?
LUPUS!
why would someone with lupus possibly come in with a stroke?
because of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome –> antibodies are going to create thrombotic stuff –> can give you a stroke, coronary artery disease, or distal gangrene
Primary vs secondary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome?
primary = just antiphospholipid
secondary = this + lupus
what is Libman-Sacks endocarditis composed of?
fibrin
why might someone with lupus present with swollen ankles?
diffuse lupus nephritis –> proteinuria and hematuria.
fraternal sister gives a renal transplant, odds of HLA match?
1:4 chance –> 2 copies from mom, 2 from dad. they’re just a sibling.
someone has a kidney transplant and they start to have deteriorating function of their kidney, and it’s rejected, what should you do?
C4d stain –> acute antibody-mediated rejection.
what is low in Ataxia Telangiectasia? what is high?
low IgA and IgG, but high IgM
what would not involve a pimrary defect in B lymphocyte lineage?
hyper IgM, that’s from CD40 problem, no isotope switching.
what does viral set point predict?
CD4 loss.
higher viral count, quicker CD4 depletion will occur.
first detectable thing to be positive in an HIV test?
NAT –> (DNA)
what gene should a drug target to inhibit attachment of HIV to the host cell?
what about the integrase functions?
env
pol
what does a negative TB test indicate?
anergy! there is lack of an immune response
primary effusion lymphoma, what should you be thinking?
EBV
Sjogren looks like what on immunofluorescence?
speckled (anti-ro or anti la)
lacrimal and salivary gland enlargement, what staining could you do to double check this?
IgG4
there’s a cancer of plasma cells, what is the disease going to be called?
a myeloma
kid walks normally, but then refuses to walk.. what’s the problem?
Rickets!
onset renal failure, what environmental toxin comes to mind?
Cadmium –> itai itai
renal tubular damage
what screening would you do for someone with lead poisoning?
what do their RBCs look like?
heavy metal screen
hypo chromic microcytic anemia
someone has a severe blood loss accompanied by an abortion, what’s the drug they were using?
cocaine!
severe loss of blood flow to the placenta –> fetal hypoxia
Arsenic poisoning gives us what phenotypic features?
tingling and pain in hands and feet
darkly pigmented skin all over body (hyperpigmentation/hyperkeratosis)
mees lines
Vitamin B12 gives you what problems?
parasthesia
feeling tired and having a yellow tinge
MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA
burning more than 20% gives you what
shock
rhogam administration is for what?
treating immune mediated anemia in fetal hydrops
antiphospholipid antibody syndrome presence with what in moms?
MISCARRIAGES
