CIS 1

Question 1

Kwashiorkor Disease: Cause and symptoms

Answer 1

Severe protein deficiency. Sufficient calories, but insufficient protein. Usually occurs after weaning.
Symptoms: Anemia, Enlarged fatty liver, Irritable.
Shiny skins, light colored skin, thinning hair, ulcerating dermatoses, edema on feet and hands.

Question 2

Marasmus Disease: Cause and Symptoms

Answer 2

Protein-calorie deficiency. Weight is less than 62% of expected. 
Symtoms: 
Emaciated, no energy
Chronic Diarrhea
Intelectual disability
Respiratory infections.

Question 3

What are the conditions necessary to indicate Metabolic Syndrome?

Answer 3

One of: Insulin resistance, Diabetes, Impaired glucose tolerance, Impaired fasting glucose
Two of: HTN, Hyperlipidemia, Obesity, Microalbuminuria.

Question 4

Cause and symptoms of Hartnup Disease

Answer 4

caused by a defect in the transport of Trp.

Symptoms: Diarrhea, Mood swings, rash(usually when exposed to sun), short stature, uncoordinated movements.

Question 5

Cerebral palsy

Answer 5

movement disorder. Usually caused by brain damage.

Question 6

MSUD (Maple syrup urine disease)

Answer 6

Caused by a deficiency in the Branched chain-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKD) enzyme.
Treatment: low protein diet.
Symptoms: Vomiting, lack of energy, abnormal movements, can lead to seizure, coma.

Question 7

PKU (phenylketonuria)

Answer 7

Phenylalanine hydroxyls deficiency. Autosomal recessive disease.
Symptoms: intelectual disorders, seizures, musty urine smell

Question 8

Albinism

Answer 8

deficiency in the tyrosinase enzyme.

Question 9

What caused Krabbe’s disease? Few symptoms:

Answer 9

Impairment of the GALC( Galactosylceramidase) gene

Symptoms: Hypertonia/Spasticity, Seizures, Iratibility

Question 10

Vitamin A Deficiency Diseases

Answer 10

Night blindness

Xeropthalmia

Question 11

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency Diseases

Answer 11

Malaise, Weight loss, confusion
Beriberi (wet): pain, fast heart rate, SOB, difficulty moving legs
Beriberi (dry): numbness, confusion, difficulty moving legs.

Question 12

Vitamin B12(Cobalamin) deficiency diseases

Answer 12

Fatigue
Inflammation of tongue
Numbness/tingling.

Question 13

Vitamin K deficiency symptoms

Answer 13

easy bruising, excessive bleeding, Increased PT time.

Question 14

Vitamin B2(Riboflavin) deficiency symptoms

Answer 14

Stomatitis, sore throat, Bloodshot eyes, anemia

Question 15

Vitamin B3(niacin) deficiency symptoms

Answer 15

Fatigue, depression, indigestion

Severe deficiency causes Pellagra.

Question 16

Vitamind D deficiency symptoms

Answer 16

increased risks of CV, severe asthma in children, cancer

Question 17

Vitamin E deficiency symptoms

Answer 17

Peripheral neuropathy, Retinopathy, Infertility, Immune impairment.