Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BI1002: Structure and Function > Circulatory Systems > Flashcards

Circulatory Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Which compartment of the thoracic cavity is the heart in?

A

The mediastinum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

A fibrous bag that encloses the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 layers of the pericardium? What are their characteristics?

A 
Serous = freely moving, filled with fluid and is the inner layer. 
Fibrous = prevents heart over-expansion.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why is the heart covered in fat and what is the purpose of the grooves in its surface?

A

The fat provides a smooth surface for the pericardium. The grooves house blood vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which blood vessels ‘feed’ the heart wall?

A

Arteries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which blood vessels ‘drain’ the heart wall?

A

Veins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which blood vessels enter the right atrium?

A

Superior and inferior vena cava as well as the coronary sinus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which blood vessels enter the left atrium?

A

4 pulmonary veins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which blood vessel exits from the right ventricle?

A

The pulmonary artery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which blood vessel exits from the left ventricle?

A

The aorta.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the name of the smooth lining of the heart’s chambers?

A

The endocardium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which valves are between the right atrium and the right ventricle?

A

Tricuspid valves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which valves are between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk?

A

Semilunar valves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which valves are between the left atrium and the left ventricle?

A

Bicuspid valves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which valves are between the left ventricle and the aorta?

A

Semilunar valves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the foramen ovale?

A

The site of a flap-like valve between the right atrium and left atrium. It closes during a newborn’s first breath. If it doesn’t seal you get a hole in the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of the tricuspid and bicuspid valves?

A

To prevent ventricle to atrium flow during ventricular contraction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What muscles control the bicuspid and tricuspid valves?

A

The papillary muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which fibrous cords of connective tissue connect the bicuspid/tricuspid valves to the papillary muscles?

A

The chordae tendinae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the muscle layer of the heart known as?

A

The myocardium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How would you describe the muscle fibres and muscle cells of the muscle layer?

A

The cells are Y shaped to form sheet/mesh muscle fibres.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the basic components of blood vessels larger than capillaries?

A

Endothelium, smooth muscle and connective tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the order of the blood vessels going from the heart? There are 6 in total.

A 
Elastic artery.
Muscular artery.
Arterioles.
Capillaries.
Venules.
Veins.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the function of muscular arteries?

A

To direct blood as you don’t have enough to ‘fill’ your circulatory system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What blood vessels are formed when capillaries merge?

A

Venules.

26
Q

How is the smooth muscle of an arteriole arranged? How does this differ from larger blood vessels?

A

In arterioles smooth muscle is arranged in a corkscrew. In larger blood vessels smooth muscle is arranged as a sheet.

27
Q

What are the layers of an artery from inside to out?

A

Lumen, tunica intima, internal elastic lamina, tunica media, external elastic lamina, tunica adventitia.

28
Q

How does a muscular artery of a similar size to a vein differ?

A

The artery will have a much larger tunica media.

29
Q

What are the 2 elastic arteries?

A

The aorta and the pulmonary trunk.

30
Q

What are vaso vasora and where are they found?

A

These are blood vessels within blood vessel walls and allow for waste disposal/nutrient supply to large blood vessels

30
Q

What are the 3 types of blood vessel endothelium?

A

Continuous endothelium, discontinuous endothelium and discontinuous endothelium.

31
Q

What are the features of continuous endothelium?

A

The commonest type and has no pores/gaps.

32
Q

What are the features of fenestrated endothelium?

A

Has little ‘windows’ in the endothelium but a complete basal lamina.

33
Q

What are the features of discontinuous endothelium?

A

Endothelial cells don’t fit together leaving gaps and an incomplete basal lamina.

34
Q

What are sinusoids?

A

Fat capillaries with a discontinuous endothelium. Found in the liver and spleen.

35
Q

What are the features of veins?

A

Possess valves to prevent backflow. Skeletal muscle squeeze veins when they contract.

36
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

The total volume of blood pumped by the heart in 1 minute.

37
Q

What are the units of stroke volume?

A

L/beat.

38
Q

What modifies heart rate?

A

The autonomic nervous system and circulating hormones.

39
Q

What modifies stroke volume?

A

Degree of stretch of cardiac muscle and sympathetic stimulation.

40
Q

Which node acts as a pacemaker within the heart?

A

The sino-atrial node.

41
Q

How do you calculate cardiac output?

A

Heart Rate X Stroke Volume.

42
Q

What is the P wave on an ECG?

A

Depolarisation of atria.

43
Q

What is the QRS complex on an ECG?

A

Depolarisation of ventricles.

44
Q

What is the T-wave on an ECG?

A

Repolarisation of ventricles.

45
Q

What is the PR interval on an ECG?

A

Conduction through the AVN.

46
Q

What is the QT duration on an ECG?

A

The period of ventricular depolarisation and repolarisation.

47
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation?

A

Heart rate goes down.

48
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation?

A

Heart rate goes up.

49
Q

What is a functional syncytium? How is the heart an example of this?

A

All the cells are merged together and so are mechanically and electrically linked. This is exemplified in the heart as all the cells have to contract and relax in sync.

50
Q

How does the heart contract?

A

Isovolumetrically. Volume remains the same but pressure increases.

51
Q

What is systole?

A

Contraction of a chamber and the ejection of blood.

52
Q

What is diastole?

A

The relaxation of a chamber and filling with blood.

53
Q

What are the 5 stages of the cardiac cycle?

A

1) Atrial systole
2) Isovolumic contraction of ventricles
3) Ventricular ejection
4) Isovolumic relaxation of ventricles
5) Passive ventricular refilling

54
Q

What are the 2 types of circulation system?

A

Open and closed.

55
Q

What are the features of an open circulation system?

A 
Fluid is open to body cavities.
Lower pressure system.
Less efficient (than closed system).
Incomplete system of vessels.
Circulating fluid = haemolymph.
56
Q

What are the features of a closed circulation system?

A 
Fluid doesn’t contact cells directly.
High pressure system.
More efficient (than open system).
Complete system of vessels.
Fluid in vessels = blood.
57
Q

How do work out flow rate in circulatory systems?

A

Driving Force/Resistance.

58
Q

How do driving force and resistance differ in open and closed circulatory systems?

A

Open: both are low.
Closed: both are high.

59
Q

How many chambers in a mammalian heart?

A

Four.

BI1002: Structure and Function (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions