Anatomical Terminology Flashcards
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?
Anatomy is the science of structure and the relationship among surfaces.
Physiology is the science of body functions and how the body parts work.
Define gross anatomy.
The study of surface or regional anatomy.
Define microanatomy.
The structure and function of cells, also known as histology/cytology.
Define cell physiology.
Physiology at the chemical or molecular level.
Define systemic physiology.
The study of the function of specific organ systems.
What are the 3 anatomical planes?
Axial, Coronal and Saggital.
How does the axial plane divide the body?
Into an upper and lower half (superior and inferior sections).
How does the coronal plane divide the body?
Into anterior and posterior sections (front and back).
How does the sagittal plane divide the body?
Into left and right sections.
What do the terms inferior and superior refer to?
Superior means above, inferior means below.
What do the terms inferior and superior refer to?
Superior means above, inferior means below.
What do the terms cranial and caudal refer to?
Cranial means closer to the head, caudal means closer to the tail/tailbone.
What do the terms dorsal and ventral refer to?
Dorsal means closer to the back, ventral means closer to the belly.
What do the terms medial and lateral refer to?
Medial means closer to the midpoint, lateral means further from the midpoint.
What do the terms proximal and distal refer to?
Proximal means it is closer to a given point, distal means it is further from a given point.
What are the 4 types of body movements?
Pronation/Suppination.
Flexion/Extension.
Abduction/Adduction.
Circumduction.
What is pronation and suppination?
Pronation is rotation of the forearm so the palm faces down. Suppination involves the opposite rotation and the palm faces up.
What is flexion and extension?
Flexion is the bending around a joint that decreases the angle between the bones of the limb at that joint. Extension increases the angle.
What is abduction and adduction?
Abduction is movement away from the midline of the body, adduction is movement towards the midline of the body.
What is circumduction?
Movement of a limb/extremity so that the distal end makes a circle and the proximal end remains fixed.
