Circulatory System + some important anatomy terms

Question 1

what does the circulatory system transport

Answer 1

• O2
• Nutrients
• CO2
• Metabolic waste
• cells of immune system
• hormones

Question 2

3 types of circulatory system

Answer 2

Blood circ sys (systemic, pulmonary, coronary)
Specialisd circ sys(portal, foetal)
Lymph circ sys

Question 3

Systemic circ key points

Answer 3

High pressure (arterial side mainly)

O2 blood from left of heart to body tissue

deO2 blood from body tissue to right of heart

Question 4

anatomical terms - head

Answer 4

cephalic

Question 5

anatomical terms - neck

Answer 5

jugular

Question 6

anatomical terms - arm

Answer 6

brachium

Question 7

anatomical terms - back of knee

Answer 7

popliteal fossa

Question 8

anatomical terms - arm pit

Answer 8

axillary fossa

Question 9

anatomical terms - collar bone

Answer 9

clavicle

Question 10

anatomical terms - two bones in arm

Answer 10

radius (outside)
ulna (inside)

Question 11

anatomical terms - hip bone the chunky bit

Answer 11

ilium

Question 12

anatomical terms - 2 long ass bones in ur leg

Answer 12

femur (thigh one)
tibia (shin one)

Question 13

practice names of major arteries and veins

Answer 13

diagrams on one not

Question 14

Pulmonary circulation - key points

Answer 14

low pressure system
deO2 blood from right of heart to lungs
O2 blood from lungs to left of heart

is opposite of systemic:
pulmonary arteries are o2 poor
pulmonary vein are o2 rich

Question 15

Portal circulation

Answer 15

instead of going form artery->cap bed->vein

goes from artery -> cap bead -> portal vessel -> next capillary bed -> vein

Question 16

examples of portal circulations

Answer 16

hypophyseal portal sys - between hypothalamus and pituitary

hepatic portal sys - between GI and liver

Question 17

hepatic portal system

Answer 17

drianage from most of the GI tract, spleen and pancreas goes through portal vein to liver, before goin to heart
so all nutrients are first processed in liver
- processes nutrients and regulates the amount that enters blood

Question 18

foetal circulation

Answer 18

specialised
cuz lungs, liver and GI tract not suffiecientlly developed
so they are bypassed
lungs are collapsed (only develop and start work after placenta gone and first breath taken)

Question 19

lymphatic circulation: what oes it consist of and functions

Answer 19

consists:
- network of lymph vessels
- lymph (fluid)
- lymphatic tissues + organs (e.g. tonsils, spleen, thymus)

functions:
- body’s defence mechanisms
- provides mechanism for drainage of interstitial fluid

Question 20

mechanism of removal of excess interstitial fluid

Answer 20

fluid moves into interstitial space at arterial end
taking with it all nutrients

fluid moves back into capillary at venous end
got waste in it

but ~15% of fluid is left behind in space (this then enters lymphatic system)

Question 21

what happens to the extra interstitial fluid

Answer 21

enters lymphatic capillary as lymph

Question 22

describe lymphatic drainage

Answer 22

goes from
lymph caps
to lymph vessels
via lymph nodes
to lymph trunks
to either thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct depending on what part is closer

see diagram issa bit hard to explain

Question 23

what are lymph nodes

Answer 23

encapsulated aggregations of lymphocytes located alon lymphatic vessels

filter the lymph and trap foreign particles

which are destroyed by macrophages

initiate various immune responses

(sometimes respond to cancer cells)

Question 24

how is lymphatic drainage determined

Answer 24

right side of: head, neck, thorax and upper limb
drains to right lymphatic duct
to right subclavian vein

rest of body
drains to thoracic duct
left subclavian vein