circulatory system - components of blood Flashcards
1
Q
plasma
A
- the fluid portion that makes up 55% of blood
- help in blood clotting and producing antibodies
2
Q
erythrocytes
A
- red blood cells that carry oxygen and contain hemoglobin
- have no nuclei
3
Q
hemoglobin
A
- a protein in red blood cells that gives them its pigment and is responsible for transporting oxygen (containing iron)
4
Q
anemia
A
- reduced oxygen in the blood due to low levels of hemoglobin/poor red blood cell production
5
Q
leukocytes
A
- white blood cells that are a key component in the immune system
- help the body defend itself from disease
- have nuclei
6
Q
thrombocytes
A
- platelets are cell fragments that clump together at the site of a damaged blood
vessel to form a clot
7
Q
thromboplastin
A
- an enzyme released by platelets when a tissue is broken
8
Q
blood clotting
A
- maintains equilibrium by preventing the loss of blood from torn or ruptured blood vessels
- stall the process of damaged blood vessels from rupturing by providing extra support
9
Q
antigen
A
- a substance (protein) that stimulates the formation of an antibody
(ex.)
Type A blood = A antigen
Type O = neither antigen
10
Q
antibody
A
- a protein formed within the blood that reacts with an antigen
(ex.)
Type A blood = anti-B antibody
Type O blood = anti-A+B antibodies
11
Q
Rh factor
A
- Rhesus factor is an antigen that occurs on the RBCs of most humans
- have Rh factor = Rh positive
- without Rh factor = Rh negative
12
Q
coronary circulation
A
- part of the systemic circulatory system that supplies blood/provides drainage to the heart muscle
13
Q
renal circulation
A
- supplies blood to the kidneys and removes metabolic waste products from the body –> urine
14
Q
portal circulation
A
- part of the systemic circulatory system that carries blood from the digestive organs to the liver
- breaks down nutrients and sent to the bloodstream
15
Q
fibrin
A
- a protein formed from fibrinogen (in the liver) during blood clotting
- forms a fibrous mesh that delays blood flow
16
Q
leukemia
A
- a blood cancer that starts in the bone marrow (where blood cells are produced)
- caused by an increase in WBCs that can’t fight off infection
17
Q
hemophilia
A
- a rare genetic disorder where blood doesn’t clot properly because there is an insufficient amount of blood-clotting proteins
- causes excessive bleeding from even minor injuries
18
Q
universal recipients
A
- a person that is an AB blood type can receive blood from any other blood type
19
Q
universal donors
A
- a person that is an O blood type can donate blood from any other blood type
