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SEM2 ANATOMY > Circulatory system > Flashcards

Circulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of cardiac output do the kidneys receive at rest?

A

25%

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2
Q

From where do the renal arteries arise?

A

Abdominal aorta

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3
Q

What vertebral level does the abdominal aorta run to/from?

A

T12 to L4

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4
Q

What is unique about the course of the right renal artery?

A

Runs behind IVC, longer than left renal artery due to position of great vessels

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5
Q

Outline the course of renal blood flow into and out of the kidneys…

A

Renal artery, segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, interlobular artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus (site of filtration), efferent arterioles, peritubular capilaries/vasa recta, interlobular vein, arcuate vein, renal vein, IVC

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6
Q

What percentage of cardiac output is delivered to the brain when resting?

A

1/6th

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7
Q

What are the two main arteries that supply the brain?

A

Internal carotid

Vertebral

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8
Q

What is an alternative name for the circle of Willis?

A

Cerebral arterial circle

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9
Q

At what vertebral level does the common carotid bifurcate into the internal and external carotid? (ICA and ECA)

A

C4

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10
Q

What structures are supplied by the external carotid artery?

A

Face and jaw

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11
Q

Through what foramen does the ICA pass en route to the cranial cavity?

A

Carotid canal

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12
Q

What are the 4 branches of the ICA?

A

Ophthalmic artery
Posterior communicating artery
Middle cerebral artery
Anterior cerebral artery

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13
Q

Where does the vertebral artery arise?

A

Subclavian- medial to anterior scalene muscle

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14
Q

Describe the path of the vertebral artery before it reaches the cranial cavity…

A

Runs through foramina in transverse processes of cervical vertebral called ‘foramen transversarium’

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15
Q

Whats the name of the hole in which the vertebral artery passes before it reaches the cranial cavity?

A

Foramen magnum

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16
Q

What are the 3 branches of the vertebral artery (before anastomosis)

A

Meningeal branch
Anterior and posterior spinal arteries
Posterior inferior cerebral artery

17
Q

The left and right vertebral artery anastomose to form what?

A

Basilar artery

18
Q

The left and right posterior cerebral arteries are formed by a bifurcation of which artery?

A

Basilar artery

19
Q

The anterior communicating artery links which to structures?

A

Left and right anterior cerebral arteries

20
Q

What brain structures are supplied by the basilar artery?

A

Pons

21
Q

What brain structures are supplied by the anterior cerebral artery?

A

Medial surfaces of cerebral hemispheres (except occipital lobe)

22
Q

What brain structures are supplied by the middle cerebral artery?

A

Lateral surfaces of cerebral hemispheres (expect occipital lobe)

23
Q

What brain structures are supplied by the posterior cerebral artery?

A

Inferior surface of brain and occipital lobe

24
Q

What brain structures are supplied by the posterior inferior cerebellar artery?

A

posterior inferior cerebellum

25
Q

What brain structures are supplied by the anterior inferior cerebellar artery?

A

anterior inferior cerebellum

26
Q

What brain structures are supplied by the anterior spinal artery?

A

Spinal cord

27
Q

What brain structures are supplied by the superior cerebellar artery?

A

Superior aspect of cerebellum

28
Q

What is the function of the ductus venosum before birth? What is it called after birth?

A

A shunt diverting blood from umbilical vein to IVC

Ligamentum venosum

29
Q

What is the function of the ductus arteriosum before birth? What is it called after birth?

A

A shunt diverting blood from the pulmonary trunk to aorta

Ligamentum arteriosum

30
Q

What is the function of the foramen ovale before birth? What is it called after birth?

A

Shunt directing blood from RA to LA

Fossa ovalis

31
Q

What is the function of the umbilical artery before birth? What is it called after birth?

A

Returns blood from foetus to placenta

Ligamentum teres

32
Q

What is the function of the umbilical vein before birth? What is it called after birth?

A

Delivers oxygenated and nutritious blood to the foetus from the placenta

Umbilical ligament

SEM2 ANATOMY (8 decks)

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