Anatomy of the lungs

Question 1

What is the root of the lung?

Answer 1

Collection of structures that hold the lung to the mediastinum

Question 2

What is the function of the pulmonary ligament?

Answer 2

Extension of parietal and visceral pleura that connects the mediastinum to the hilum of the lung

Question 3

What lung is shorter and wider? Why?

Answer 3

Right, due to presence of liver inferiorly

Question 4

What structures are found at the hilum of the lung?

Answer 4

Pulmonary artery
2 x pulmonary veins
Nerves
Lymphatics
Bronchial vessels (supplying blood to bronchi)
Main bronchi

Question 5

What are the three lung surfaces?

Answer 5

Diaphragmatic
Mediastinal
Costal

Question 6

What are the three lung borders?

Answer 6

Inferior –> seperates base of lung from costal surface
Anterior –> Seperates costal surface from mediastinal surface
Posterior –> Separates costal service from mediastinal surface

Question 7

What impressions can be seen on the mediastinal surface of the right lung?

Answer 7

Azygous vein
Brachiocephalic vein
Oesophagous
IVC
SVC

Question 8

What impressions can be seen on the mediastinal surface of the left lung?

Answer 8

Subclavian artery
Aortic arch
Thoracic aorta
Oesophagous
Cardiac impression

Question 9

How many lobar bronchi are there in the left and right lungs respectively?

Answer 9

2 and 3

Question 10

Describe the path of air from trachea to the alveoli

Answer 10

main bronchus –> lobar bronchus –> segmental bronchus –> bronchioles –> terminal bronchioles –> respiratory bronchioles –> alveolar ducts –> alveolar sacs –> alveoli

Question 11

How many segmental bronchi are found in the right lung?

Answer 11

10

Question 12

How many segmental bronchi are found in the left lung?

Answer 12

8

Question 13

How many segmental bronchi branch from the right superior lobar bronchi?

Answer 13

3

Question 14

How many segmental bronchi branch from the right middle lobar bronchi?

Answer 14

2

Question 15

How many segmental bronchi branch from the right inferior lobar bronchi?

Answer 15

5

Question 16

How many segmental bronchi branch from the left superior lobar bronchi?

Answer 16

4

Question 17

How many segmental bronchi branch from the left inferior lobar bronchi?

Answer 17

4

Question 18

At what level does the pulmonary trunk bifurcate?

Answer 18

T5

Question 19

What are the differences between the two pulmonary arteries? (2 things)

Answer 19

Right PA longer than left PA

Right PA gives of a branch to the right superior lobe before entering the hilum of the right lung

Question 20

From where does the right bronchial artery stem?

Answer 20

3rd IC artery

Question 21

How many left bronchial arteries are there?

Answer 21

2

Question 22

From where do the left bronchial arteries stem?

Answer 22

Thoracic aorta

Question 23

Where does the right bronchial vein drain into?

Answer 23

azygous vein

Question 24

Where does the left bronchial vein drain into?

Answer 24

superior intercostal vein OR hemiazygous vein

Question 25

From where does the lung receive the majority of its innervation?

Answer 25

Anterior and posterior pulmonary plexus

Question 26

What nerves make up the pulmonary plexus?

Answer 26

Vagus nerve and sympathetic trunk

Question 27

Into which vessel do the lymph nodes of the lung drain?

Answer 27

Tracheobronchial, which in turn drains into bronchomediastinal

Question 28

What are the 2 accessory lymph vessel routes that can also drain parts of the lung?

Answer 28

Brachiocephalic nodes

Parasternal nodes