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Biology Year 9 Yaseen Caratela > Circulatory system > Flashcards

Circulatory system Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the pulmonary vein do?

A

Brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

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2
Q

What does the pulmonary artery do?

A

Takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs

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3
Q

What does the aorta do?

A

Carries blood around the body

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4
Q

What is plasma?

A

A straw coloured liquid used for transport

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5
Q

What are Red Blood Cells used for?

A

Oxygen transport

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6
Q

What are White Blood Cells used for?

A

Defence against disease

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7
Q

What are Platelets used for?

A

Clotting

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8
Q

How long do Red Blood Cells live for?

A

90 days

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9
Q

Does the Red Blood Cell have a nucleus?

A

No

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10
Q

What does the Red Blood Cell do?

A

Carries Oxygen from the lungs to the cells

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11
Q

Who are Red Blood Cells flexible?

A

To squeeze through capillaries

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12
Q

How long does it take a Red Blood Cell to circulate the body?

A

45 secs

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13
Q

What is Haemoglobin?

A

A red pigment containing iron, which joins to Oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin, which is bright red.

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14
Q

Why does the Red Blood Cell have a large surface area?

A

To absorb more Oxygen

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15
Q

Where are Red Blood Cells made?

A

In bone marrow

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16
Q

Which is larger, RBCs or WBCs?

A

White Blood Cells

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17
Q

Give two examples of White Blood Cells.

A

Phagocytes and Lymphocytes

18
Q

When do the numbers of WBCs increase?

A

When you’re ill

19
Q

What do White Blood Cells do?

A

Produce anti-toxins and anti-bodies to neutralise pathogen toxins.

20
Q

Where do arteries carry blood?

A

AWAY from the heart

21
Q

What are the walls of arteries like?

A

Thick and muscular

22
Q

Do arteries have a pulse?

A

Yes

23
Q

Where are arteries located?

A

Deep under the skin

24
Q

Do arteries have valves?

A

No

25
Q

Where do arteries branch at and what do they branch into?

A

They branch at their ends into tiny arterioles.

26
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Small blood vessels

27
Q

How big are capillaries?

A

One cell thick

28
Q

Where do veins carry blood?

A

TO the heart

29
Q

What kind of walls do veins have?

A

Thin ones

30
Q

Where are veins located?

A

Near the surface of the skin

31
Q

Do veins have valves?

A

Yes

32
Q

Why do veins have valves?

A

To stop back flow of blood

33
Q

Where do veins branch and what do they branch into?

A

Veins branch at their beginning into tiny arterioles.

34
Q

Where is your heart pacemaker?

A

In the Right Atrium

35
Q

What is a heart pacemaker?

A

A group of cells that control the heart rate

36
Q

How is an artificial heart maker fitted and what does it do?

A

It is fitted under the skin and has wires going into the heart, which send an electric current to keep the heart beating regularly.

37
Q

How does coronary heart disease happen?

A

Coronary arteries become clogged up with a fatty material called ATHEROMA, which stops blood carrying oxygen from getting back to the heart muscle (can cause a heart attack).

38
Q

What can stents do?

A

Be inserted into arteries to open them up.

39
Q

Give three negative points about stents.

A
  • the artery can narrow again
  • the artery gets scarred by the stent
  • the patient needs to take drugs to stop blood from clotting around the stent
40
Q

What is the effect of the circulatory system during exercise?

A

During exercise muscle cells need more energy, therefore they need to respire more, which means that they need more oxygen and glucose.
To meet this demand the heart contracts more often, increasing the heart rate and the heart contracts more powerfully, meaning the stroke volume increases, pumping a greater volume of blood with each beat.

41
Q

What does the vena cava do?

A

Brings deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart

Biology Year 9 Yaseen Caratela (4 decks)

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