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Biology 2 > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

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0
Q

What vessel takes blood from the left side of the heart ?

A

Aorta

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1
Q

Which vessel takes blood into the left side of the heart?

A

Pulmonary vein

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2
Q

Where does the blood from the aorta go?

A

It’s oxygenated so is pumped to capillaries of head and forelimbs, abdominal organs and hind limbs.

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3
Q

Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood back to right side of heart?

A

Superior vena cava

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4
Q

Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from lower organs of the body?

A

Inferior vena cava

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5
Q

How many times does the blood circulate through the heart?

A

Twice ( double circulatory system)

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6
Q

Right side of circulatory system oxygenated or deoxygenated ?

A

Deoxygenated

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7
Q

Left side of circulatory system oxygenated or deoxygenated ?

A

Oxygenated blood

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8
Q

What does the pulmonary circuit do?

A

Carries blood to lungs to be oxygenated and return to heart

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9
Q

What does the systemic circuit do?

A

Takes blood around the body and returns deoxygenated blood back to heart.

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10
Q

What’s in blood?

A

RBC, WBC, waste ,platelets, hormones, plasma, co2, O2, nutrients.

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11
Q

What is blood?

A

Tissue, transport system, maintains stability of interstitial fluid,distributes heat

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12
Q

List the characteristics of RBC?

A 
Numerous
1/3 haemoglobin 
Biconcave discs (increased SA)
Squeeze through capillaries
No organelles
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13
Q

What happens when when there is a high conc of O2 (eg alveoli)?

A

Haemoglobin combines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin.

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14
Q

What happens when blood reaches tissues with a low O2 conc?

A

O2 from the oxyhemoglobin dissociates and O2 released into tissues via diffusion (high to low conc)

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15
Q

Where are RBC produced?

A

In bone marrow (2.4 million per second)

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16
Q

What is released when blood O2 levels are low?

A

Erythropoietin

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17
Q

What is erythropoietin?

A

Protein hormone released by kidney. When released in blood it binds with receptors in bone marrow. Stimulates production of RBC

18
Q

What destroys our worn out RBC?

A

Macrophages in spleen and liver

19
Q

What is the function of leucocytes (WCC)?

A

Fight disease

20
Q

What are granulocytes?

A

They are a type of leucocyte that contain granules within the cytoplasm .

21
Q

Where are granulocytes produced?

A

Bone marrow

22
Q

What are the 3 types of granulocytes?

A

Neutrophils 50-70%
Basophils 2-4%
Eosinophils 0.5-1%

23
Q

List the three mechanisms of phagocytosis?

A

Sticks to it
Cytoplasmic arms around it
Lysosomes inside kill and digest it

24
Q

Where are neutrophils produced?

A

Bone marrow

25
Q

What do neutrophils do?

A

Fight infection- migrate to point if infection- absorb bacteria by phagocytosis.
Dissolve dead tissue/ turns to liquid called pus

26
Q

What is an eosinophil and what do they do?

A

Combat parasitic infection

Impact on allergies and asthma

27
Q

What do eosinophils contain?

A

Histamine protein

28
Q

What are basophils and what do they do?

A 
Less common granulocytes 
Cause inflammatory reaction
They are large cytoplasmic granules/ obscure nucleus
Contain heparin
Contain histamine also
29
Q

What are agranulocytes?

A

Leucocyte with little or no granules

Produced by lymph nodes (spleen and thymus)

30
Q

What are the 2 types of agranulocytes ?

A

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

31
Q

List the function of lymphocytes?

A

Provide specific immune response
Recognise foreign antigens
Produce antibodies

32
Q

Where do B cells mature?

A

Bone marrow

33
Q

What’re are T cells produced?

A

Thymus gland

34
Q

How to monocytes fight infection?

A

Migrate into connective tissue and become macrophages- don’t produce pus

35
Q

What are macrophages?

A

Key cells of immune response

Provide non specific immediate response to infection

36
Q

Name the 3 blood vessels?

A

Artery
Vein
Capillary

37
Q

Name the 3 layers of tissue in the walls of an artery?

A

Squamous epithelial cells(lining)
Elastic fibres and smooth muscle(middle)
Fibrous layer

38
Q

What joins the arteries to the capillaries?

A

Arterioles

39
Q

List the properties of capillaries ?

A 
1 cell thick
Numerous
Small in diameter
Semi permeable
Huge surface area.
40
Q

How does water flow between the capillary and the tissue fluid?

A

Osmosis - pressure in the venule end is lower than osmotic pressure exerted by plasma proteins in the capillary so water move back into the capillary.

41
Q

Where does blood go after passing through the capillary bed?

A

Returns to heart- venules connect to veins

42
Q

List the properties of veins?

A

Less elastic than arteries
Larger lumen reduce resistance to flow
Semi luner valves- prevent back flow

Biology 2 (14 decks)

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