Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HISTO | MIDTERMS > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

identify

the only blood cells whose function does not require them to leave the vasculature.

A

RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

identify

contains loose to moderately dense FECT, +/- scattered smooth muscles cells.

[blood vessels]

A

tunica adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

identify

  • bilobed
  • red/dark pink (granules)
  • 1-4 (count)
  • 1-2 weeks (life span)
  • kill helminthic and other parasites
  • modulate local inflammation

[granulocytes]

A

eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

identify

A thicker layer of (?) (with many elastic fibers) and smooth muscle forms the center of the connective tissue region

[endocardium]

A

moderately dense FECT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

identify

marks the boundary between the tunica media and the tunica adventita

[blood vessels]

A

external elastic lamina (elastica externa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

identify

  • thin (relative to other layers in the this type of vessels)
  • Endothelium
  • Subendothelium layer contain some smooth muscle, elastic fibers, collagen fibers

[large arteries]

A

tunica intima

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

identify

  • thick
  • Circular Smooth Muscle, 5-40 layers
  • Small amount of CT with collagen fibers and elastic fibers (longitudinal orientation) between muscle
  • Thickness decreases as diameter of vessel decreases

[small arteries]

A

tunica media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

identify

2 functional parts of cardiovascular system

A
  • blood vascular system
  • lymph vascular system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

identify

distributes nutrients, gases, hormones, to all parts of the body

collects wastes produced during cellular metabolism

A

blood vascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

identify

to collect blood from post-capillary venules

A

large venules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

identify

The fluid found within the lymph vascular system

A

lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

identify

  • bilobed or S-shaped
  • dark blue/purple (granules)
  • 0.5-1 (count)
  • several months (life span)
  • modulate inflammation
  • release histamine during allergy

[granulocytes]

A

basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

identify

Consists only of endothelium, but may be partially surrounded by pericytes

A

capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

identify

usually distinguishable

[large veins]

A

internal elastic lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

identify

  • very thick
  • moderately dense FECT with spirally arranged collagen fibers, elastic laminae, longitudinal smooth muscle

[large veins]

A

tunica adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

identify

Is the outer layer of the heart and consists of a connective tissue region covered by a mesothelium on its outer surface

A

epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

identify

These granules are the source of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a hormone which influence blood pressure by affecting kidney function

A

atrial specific granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

identify

  • spherical
  • no specific granules
  • 20-40 (count)
  • hours to many years (life span)
  • effector and regulatory cells for adaptive immunity

[agranulocytes]

A

lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

identify

Cardiac muscle cells in the myocardium are arranged in strands whose ends attach to the (?) which surrounds the valves

[myocardium]

A

dense connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

identify

  • thin
  • 1-3 layers of smooth muscle (circular) with collagen and elastic fibers between muscles

[large venules]

A

tunica media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

identify

to collect blood from smaller venous vessels

A

smaller to medium veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

identify

refers to the part of cardiac skeleton that is in the intraventicular septum

A

septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

identify

Size varies from 10 microns to 1mm

A

venules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

identify

a specialized connective tissue consisting of cells and fluid extracellular material called PLASMA

A

blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

identify

  • indented or S-shaped
  • no specific granules
  • 2-8 (count)
  • hours to years (life span)
  • precursors of macrophages and other mononuclear phagocytic cells

[agranulocytes]

A

monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

identify

usually present except in smaller arterioles

[arterioles]

A

interenal elastic lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

identify

referred to as peripheral resistance vessels

A

arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

identify

contains layers of either elastic laminae/lamellae (fenestrated sheets) or FECT alternating with layers of smooth muscle

[blood vessels]

A

tunica media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

identify

are the site of normal exchange of materials between blood and tissue fluid

A

capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

identify

the luminal layer

[blood vessels]

A

tunica intima

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

identify

  • thick
  • 40-60 distinct, concentrically arranged elastic laminae
  • Between elastic laminae fibroblasts, elastic fibers, collagen fibers, spiral (to circular) smooth muscle

[large arteries]

A

tunica media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

identify

prevent backflow of blood

A

valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

identify

“Pacemakers” in the heart

A

modified cardiac muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

identify

  • have extremely thin cytoplasm and the capillary wall is perforated at intervals by pores or fenestrations.
  • Lateral cell surfaces are characterized by zonula occludes (tight junctions).
  • Materials apparently cross the cells through the fenestrations.
  • These capillaries are found in the kidney and in endocrine glands

[capillaries]

A

fenestrated capillaries (type 2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

identify

  • thick
  • loose FECT containing longitudinal collagen fibers and scattered elastic fibers and fibroblast

[large venules]

A

tunica adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

identify

  • thicker
  • Endothelium
  • Thin subdothelial layer

[large veins]

A

tunica intima

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

identify

may be indistinct in smaller muscular arteries

[small arteries]

A

external elastic lamina

38
Q

identify

  • a distributing vehicle, transporting O2, CO2, metabolites, hormones, and other substances to cells throughout the body.
  • It participates in heart distribution, the regulation of body temperature, and the maintenance of acid-base and osmotic balance
A

blood

39
Q

identify

Is the middle layer of the heart wall and contains the cardiac muscle throughout most of the heart

A

myocardium

40
Q

identify

The lumen of the heart is lined by an endothelium consisting of a typical (?) with well-developed (?) and (?)

A
  • simple squamous epithelium
  • zolunae occludens
  • basal laminae
41
Q

identify

1 to 5 layers of smooth muscle, some elastic fibers

[arterioles]

A

tunica media

42
Q

identify

A thin layer of loose FECT, often referred to as the (?), containing many blood vessels joins the endocardium to the myocardium

Purkinje fibers run in this layer in the interventricular septum

[endocardium]

A

subendocardial layer

43
Q

identify

marks the boundary between the tunica intima and the tunica media

[blood vessels]

A

internal elastic lamina (elastica interna)

44
Q

identify

surrounds the AV and semilunar orifices

[cardiac skeleton]

A

annuli fibrosi

45
Q

identify

  • have relatively thick cytoplasm and the capillary wall is continuous.
  • Lateral cell surface of cells are characterized by zonula occludes (tight junctions), s materials move across cells via pinocytosis or diffusion.
  • These capillaries occur in most organs

[capillaries]

A

continuous capillaries (type 1)

46
Q

identify

fluid found within the blood vascular system

A

blood

47
Q

identify

  • thin
  • poorly developed
  • mostly FECT
  • little smooth muscle

[large veins]

A

tunica media

48
Q

identify

  • round/discoid
  • blue/purple
  • 8-11 days (life span)
A

platelets

49
Q

identify

not as distinct as in other arteries

[large arteries]

A

internal elastic lamina

50
Q

identify

  • thin
  • Endothelium
  • Thin, subendothelium layer consisting of scattered fine collagen and elastic fibers and a few fibroblasts

[small arteries]

A

tunica intima

51
Q

identify

(?) and (?) are thicker in the ventricles than the atria

A
  • endocardium
  • epicardium
52
Q

identify

  • Collects blood from capillaries
  • Respond to vasoactive agents (e.g., histamine, serotonin) by altering permeability
  • Also a site of exchange of materials between tissue fluid and blood
  • Site exit of WBCs from blood into tissue
A

venules

53
Q

identify

  • Function for immunity and defense
  • Become active outside the circulation, specifically leaving the microvasculature in a process involving cytokines, selective adhesion, changes in the endothelium, and transendothelial migration or diapedesis
A

WBC

54
Q

identify

collects tissue fluids from tissues and returns it to the blood vascular system

A

lymph vascular system

55
Q

identify

  • thick
  • loose FECT

[small arteries]

A

tunica adventitia

56
Q

identify

  • are larger in diameter than the other types and have wide spaces between the lateral edges of the adjacent endothelial cells, so materials (and some cells) can move freely in and out of the capillary.
  • found in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow

[capillaries]

A

sinusoidal capillaries

57
Q

identify

  • covers the outer surface of the heart (except where the arteries leave and the great veins enter the heart).
  • This covering epithelium closely resembles the mesothelial covering of the other thoracic and abdominal organs
A

mesothelium (simple squamous epithelium)

58
Q

identify

located between the semilunar and AV orifices

[cardiac skeleton]

A

trigona fibrosa

59
Q

identify

consists of blind-ended capillaries connected to venous vessels and various lymphoid organs

A

lymph vascular system

60
Q

identify

may be a site of exit of WBCs from blood into tissue under some conditions, although this is probably more frequent in venules

A

capillaries

61
Q

identify

(?) holds bundles of cardiac muscle cells/fibers together and contains numerous blood vessels

[myocardium]

A

loose FECT

62
Q

identify

thin; consists mainly of collagen fibers, blood vessels, nerves; some elastic fibers, fibroblasts, macrophages may also be present

[large arteries]

A

tunica advetitia

63
Q

identify

very distinct, usually folded

[small arteries]

A

internal elastic lamina

64
Q

identify

  • They are approximately 7.5μm in diameter, 2.6μm thick at the rim, but only 0.75μm thick in the center which gives them the biconcave shape
  • They are terminally differentiated structures lacking nuclei and completely filled with the O^2 carrying protein hemoglobin
  • are normally quite flexible, which permits them to bend and adapt to the irregular turns and small diameter of capillaries
A

RBC/erythrocytes

65
Q

identify

  • well developed
  • loose FECT with longitudinally arranged collagen and elastic fibers, bundles of longitudinal smooth muscle

[small to medium veins]

A

tunica advetitia

66
Q

identify

  • larger diameter than capillaries
  • consists of endothelium surrounded by pericytes
A

post-capillary venules

67
Q

identify

consists of continuum blood vessels and muscular pump

A

blood vascular system

68
Q

identify

The presence of (?) gives these vessels elastic properties.

They expand as the heart contracts (to modulate blood pressure and store energy) and recoil during ventricular relaxation.

[large arteries]

A

elastic laminae

69
Q

identify

three (3) types of capillaries

A
  • continuous capillaries (type 1)
  • fenestrated capillaries (tye 2)
  • sinusoidal capillaries
70
Q

identify

  • Do not have specific granules, but they do contain azurophilic granules (lysosomes), with affinity for the basic stain azure A
  • The nucleus is spherical or indented but not lobulated
A

agranulocytes

71
Q

identify

(?) can change diameter very drastically therefore affecting blood pressure and flow patterns

A

Arterioles

72
Q

identify

two (2) types of leukocytes

A
  • granulocytes
  • agranulocytes
73
Q

identify

Dense FECT (heavily collagenous) replaces the cardiac muscle in region around each of the major heart valves.

This connective tissue frames around each valves is called the (?)

[myocardium]

A

Cardiac Skeleton

74
Q

identify

  • thin
  • Endothelium
  • Thin subendothelial layer
  • May be folded to form valves

[small to medium veins]

A

tunica intima

75
Q

identify

The lumen is lined by an endothelium of (?)

[blood vessels]

A

simple squamous epithelium

76
Q

identify

to conduct blood from the heart to smaller arteries and to even out blood pressure and flow.

A

large arteries

77
Q

identify

supports each of the heart valves

A

cardiac skeleton

78
Q

identify

three (3) layers of the heart

A
  • endocardium
  • myocardium
  • epicardium (pericardium)
79
Q

identify

to redistribute blood flow to capillaries and to alter blood pressure by altering peripheral resistance to blood flow.

A

arterioles

80
Q

identify

  • Possess two major types of cytoplasmic granules
  • They have polymorphic nuclei with two or more distinct (almost separated) nuclear lobes.
A

granulocytes

81
Q

identify

to collect blood from medium sized veins and return it to heart

A

large veins

82
Q

identify

the thickest in the ventricular region, especially the left ventricle, and contains more cardiac muscle in the ventricles than in the atrium

A

myocardium

83
Q

identify

(?) replaces the cardiac muscle in region around each of the major heart valves.

[myocardium]

A

Dense FECT

84
Q

identify

very thin consisting only of endothelium

[arterioles]

A

tunica intima

85
Q

identify

  • thin
  • endothelium surrounded by outer sheath of collagen fibers

[large venules]

A

tunica intima

86
Q

identify

Is the inner layer of the heart wall and consists of the endothelial lining and the underlying connective tissue layers

A

endocardium

87
Q

identify

The so called formed elements circulating in the plasma

A
  • erythrocytes (RBC)
  • leukocytes (WBC)
  • platelets
88
Q

identify

  • thin
  • consisting of longitudinally arranged collagen and elastic

[arterioles]

A

tunica adventitia

89
Q

identify

  • thin
  • circular smooth muscle, collagen fibers, some elastic fibers

[small to medium veins]

A

tunica media

90
Q

identify

A thin layer of loose FECT (containing mainly fine collagen fibers) referred to as (?) which is next to the endothelium

[endocardium]

A

subendothelial layer

91
Q

identify

to distribute blood to smaller arterial vessel.

A

small arteries

92
Q

identify

  • 3-5 lobes
  • faint/light pink (granules)
  • 50-70 (count)
  • 1-4 days (life span)
  • kill and phagocytose bacteria

[granulocytes]

A

neutrophils

HISTO | MIDTERMS (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions