Circulatory System Flashcards
How does the heart act?
As two pumps in series (right and left sides), connected by 2 circulations and two pumps with 2 valves.
What is pulmonary circulation?
- Carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs [oxygenation takes place in alveoli.
- Returns oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium.
What is Systemic Circulation?
Carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle throughout the body.
What is the upper chamber of the heart called?
Atrium
What is the lower chamber of the heart called?
Ventricle
Which valves are on the right side of the heart?
Tricuspid and Pulmonic
What is the tricuspid valve?
- Between right atrium and ventricle
- Atrioventricular: connects atrium and ventricle.
What is the pulmonic valve?
- Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
- Semi lunar valve: connects ventricle and artery.
What is the Mitral valve?
- Bicuspid Valve
- Atrioventricular Valve
- Between left atrium and ventricle.
What is the Aortic Valve?
- Between left ventricle and aorta.
- Semi lunar valve: connects ventricle and artery.
What are the three layers of the heart?
Endocardium, Myocardium, Epicardium
What is the Endocardium?
Endothelial lining (inner) of the heart
What is the myocardium?
- Muscular middle layer
- Contractile element of the heart
What is the Epicardium?
-Fibrous outer layer of heart
- Coronary Arteries here
What do coronary arteries do?
Supply blood to the heart
What are the three layers of blood vessels? [Except capillaries]
- Tunica Adventitia (Outer)
- Tunica Media ( Middle)
- Tunica Intima ( Inner )
Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body?
Aorta, Arteries, and Arterioles
Which blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart?
Venules, Veins, and Superior and Inferior Vena Cavae
What do capillaries do?
- Connect arterioles and venules.
- Composed of layer of endothelial cells.
What are the different mixtures of capillary blood?
Arterial and Venous Blood
What exchanges between capillary walls?
Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Nutrients, and Waste Products between blood and tissue cells.
How much blood does the average adult have?
5 to 6 Liters
What is the cellular portion of blood called?
Formed Elements
What percent of blood is plasma and what is formed elements?
55% is plasma
45% is formed elements
What does plasma contain?
proteins, amino acids, gases, electrolytes, sugars, hormones, minerals. vitamins, & water (92%). Also waste products like urea.
What is contained in formed elements?
Erythrocytes (99%)
Leukocytes (White blood cells)
Thrombocytes (Platelets)
How do Erythrocytes enter the blood?
- As immature reticulocytes.
- Takes 1-2 days to mature
How many RBCs per microliter of blood?
4.2 to 6.2 million
How long is the life span of RBC?
120 days
What are the 5 types of WBC’s in the blood?
- Neutrophils
- Lymphocytes
- Monocytes
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
What are Neutrophils?
- 40% - 60% of WBC (Most Numerous)
- Phagocytes
- React in bacterial infection
What are Lymphocytes?
- 20% - 40% of WBC
- React in Viral infection
- Role in Immunity
What are Monocytes?
- 3% to 8% of WBC (Largest in size)
- Monocytes in circulating blood
- Transform into macrophages and phagocytes
- Reacts in Intracellular infections and TB
What are Eosinophils?
- 1% to 3% of WBC population
- Active against antibody labeled foreign molecules
- React in allergies, skin infections, & parasitic infections
What are Basophils?
- 0% to 1% of WBC
- Carry histamine, so react in allergic rxn
What are thrombocytes?
- Small irregularly shaped packets
- Formed in bone marrow from megakaryocytes
- Essential for blood coagulation
What is average # of platelets per microliter?
140,000 to 440,000
How long do thrombocytes live?
9 to 12 days
What is the difference between plasma and serum?
- Plasma has fibrinogen
