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Phlebotomy Anatomy/Bio > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How does the heart act?

A

As two pumps in series (right and left sides), connected by 2 circulations and two pumps with 2 valves.

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2
Q

What is pulmonary circulation?

A
  • Carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs [oxygenation takes place in alveoli.
  • Returns oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium.
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3
Q

What is Systemic Circulation?

A

Carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle throughout the body.

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4
Q

What is the upper chamber of the heart called?

A

Atrium

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5
Q

What is the lower chamber of the heart called?

A

Ventricle

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6
Q

Which valves are on the right side of the heart?

A

Tricuspid and Pulmonic

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7
Q

What is the tricuspid valve?

A
  • Between right atrium and ventricle
  • Atrioventricular: connects atrium and ventricle.
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8
Q

What is the pulmonic valve?

A
  • Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
  • Semi lunar valve: connects ventricle and artery.
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9
Q

What is the Mitral valve?

A
  • Bicuspid Valve
  • Atrioventricular Valve
  • Between left atrium and ventricle.
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10
Q

What is the Aortic Valve?

A
  • Between left ventricle and aorta.
  • Semi lunar valve: connects ventricle and artery.
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11
Q

What are the three layers of the heart?

A

Endocardium, Myocardium, Epicardium

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12
Q

What is the Endocardium?

A

Endothelial lining (inner) of the heart

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13
Q

What is the myocardium?

A
  • Muscular middle layer
  • Contractile element of the heart
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14
Q

What is the Epicardium?

A

-Fibrous outer layer of heart
- Coronary Arteries here

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15
Q

What do coronary arteries do?

A

Supply blood to the heart

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16
Q

What are the three layers of blood vessels? [Except capillaries]

A
  • Tunica Adventitia (Outer)
  • Tunica Media ( Middle)
  • Tunica Intima ( Inner )
17
Q

Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body?

A

Aorta, Arteries, and Arterioles

18
Q

Which blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart?

A

Venules, Veins, and Superior and Inferior Vena Cavae

19
Q

What do capillaries do?

A
  • Connect arterioles and venules.
  • Composed of layer of endothelial cells.
20
Q

What are the different mixtures of capillary blood?

A

Arterial and Venous Blood

21
Q

What exchanges between capillary walls?

A

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Nutrients, and Waste Products between blood and tissue cells.

22
Q

How much blood does the average adult have?

A

5 to 6 Liters

23
Q

What is the cellular portion of blood called?

A

Formed Elements

24
Q

What percent of blood is plasma and what is formed elements?

A

55% is plasma
45% is formed elements

25
Q

What does plasma contain?

A

proteins, amino acids, gases, electrolytes, sugars, hormones, minerals. vitamins, & water (92%). Also waste products like urea.

26
Q

What is contained in formed elements?

A

Erythrocytes (99%)
Leukocytes (White blood cells)
Thrombocytes (Platelets)

27
Q

How do Erythrocytes enter the blood?

A
  • As immature reticulocytes.
  • Takes 1-2 days to mature
28
Q

How many RBCs per microliter of blood?

A

4.2 to 6.2 million

29
Q

How long is the life span of RBC?

A

120 days

30
Q

What are the 5 types of WBC’s in the blood?

A
  • Neutrophils
  • Lymphocytes
  • Monocytes
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils
31
Q

What are Neutrophils?

A
  • 40% - 60% of WBC (Most Numerous)
  • Phagocytes
  • React in bacterial infection
32
Q

What are Lymphocytes?

A
  • 20% - 40% of WBC
  • React in Viral infection
  • Role in Immunity
33
Q

What are Monocytes?

A
  • 3% to 8% of WBC (Largest in size)
  • Monocytes in circulating blood
  • Transform into macrophages and phagocytes
  • Reacts in Intracellular infections and TB
34
Q

What are Eosinophils?

A
  • 1% to 3% of WBC population
  • Active against antibody labeled foreign molecules
  • React in allergies, skin infections, & parasitic infections
35
Q

What are Basophils?

A
  • 0% to 1% of WBC
  • Carry histamine, so react in allergic rxn
36
Q

What are thrombocytes?

A
  • Small irregularly shaped packets
  • Formed in bone marrow from megakaryocytes
  • Essential for blood coagulation
37
Q

What is average # of platelets per microliter?

A

140,000 to 440,000

38
Q

How long do thrombocytes live?

A

9 to 12 days

39
Q

What is the difference between plasma and serum?

A
  • Plasma has fibrinogen

Phlebotomy Anatomy/Bio (10 decks)

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