Circulatory System

Question 1

components of circulatory system

Answer 1

pump (heart), blood, blood vessels

Question 2

heart definition

Answer 2

pump that circulates blood through blood vessels

Question 3

arteries– type of blood and whether in or out of heart

Answer 3

• usually oxygenated (except pulmonary artery)

- away from heart

Question 4

veins– type of blood and whether in or out of heart

Answer 4

• usually deoxygenated (expect pulmonary vein)

- into heart

Question 5

capillaries– placement and why

Answer 5

• connect arteries to veins
• close to cells so good supply of oxygen/ nutrients
• efficient removal of waste products

Question 6

circulatory system– what it does

Answer 6

• transports nutrients
• transports waste
• regulates body temperature

Question 7

double-circulatory system definition

Answer 7

for every one full circuit, blood passes through heart twice

Question 8

advantage of double circulatory system

Answer 8

• higher pressure due to heart allows for blood to get to extremities (+ allows for bigger bodies)

Question 9

why are arterioles used?

Answer 9

to diminish the pressure of blood going from arteries to capillaries (and prevent them from bursting)

Question 10

how does blood get from arteries to veins? (2)

Answer 10

• artery-> arteriole->capillary-> venule-> vein

- artery->shunt vessel-> vein

Question 11

valves in veins

Answer 11

• semi- lunar

Question 12

what happens if blood flows backwards in veins

Answer 12

• they swell and blood cannot circulate properly

Question 13

how do valves work?

Answer 13

• open when pressure inwards

- close when pressure put backwards on them

Question 14

atrioventricular valves– where + names

Answer 14

• between atria and ventricles
• tricuspid (right side of heart)
• bicuspid (left side)

Question 15

what circulatory system do fish have

Answer 15

single circulatory system

Question 16

single circulatory system in fish path

Answer 16

organ-> vein-> heart-> artery-> gills-> arteries -> organs

Question 17

right side of heart

Answer 17

• low pressure required (as little resistance to flow because lungs are a spongy tissue w/ air)
• deoxygenated blood from body to lungs
• gas exchange in capillaries in lungs

Question 18

left side of heart

Answer 18

• oxygenated blood to rest of body
• higher pressure than right side
• left ventricle= most muscular chamber
• pressure of blood leaving heart is greater due to more resistance to flow
• gas exchange occurs in capillaries in in organs as blood flows through

Question 19

how many pumps in heart

Answer 19

2– left side and right side

Question 20

heart made out of

Answer 20

almost entirely cardiac muscle tissue

Question 21

septum

Answer 21

• wall of tissue

- prevents oxygenated blood on one side from mixing with deoxygenated blood in other side

Question 22

ventricles

Answer 22

• blood in when atria contract
• more muscular than atria as have to pump blood further
• left ventricle= more muscular as body= further away

Question 23

cardiac cycle

Answer 23

• relaxation phase (where heart fills with blood)
• blood then goes to ventricles
• contraction phase (where heart pumps blood)

Question 24

true or false– atria relax and contract at different times

Answer 24

false

Question 25

relaxations phase

Answer 25

- blood into atria from veins | - semi-lunar valves close

Question 26

contraction phase

Answer 26

- atria contract (= atrioventricular valves open) - blood in ventricles - ventricles contract (= atrioventricular valves close to prevent backflow - blood in arteries ( then semi-lunar valves open)

Question 27

ways of monitoring heart activity

Answer 27

- electrocardiogram (ECG) - listening to sound of heart valves closing - pulse points

Question 28

what does control of heartbeat depend on

Answer 28

electrical activity

Question 29

what is an ECG

Answer 29

a diagnostics tool that detects heart defects (as the can cause an irregular pattern)

Question 30

how ECG used

Answer 30

electrodes taped to body in various places | heart's electrical activity displayed on monitor

Question 31

p wave on ECG

Answer 31

- atria contracting

Question 32

QRS spike ECG

Answer 32

immediately precedes contraction of ventricles

Question 33

T wave on ECG

Answer 33

ventricles relaxing

Question 34

how is stethoscope used

Answer 34

- listen to heart sounds | - identify irregularities

Question 35

how is heartbeat sound made

Answer 35

opening and closing of the valves

Question 36

first sound of heartbeat how made

Answer 36

- during contraction phase | - pressure against atrioventricular valves shuts them

Question 37

second sound of heartbeat

Answer 37

- during relaxation phase | - blood at high pressure in arteries causes semi-lunar valves to close

Question 38

what happens during exercise

Answer 38

- muscles need more energy from respiration to contract - heart beats faster - arteries dilate = increases blood flow to muscles

Question 39

pulse definition

Answer 39

number of times left ventricle contracts per minute

Question 40

how pulse felt

Answer 40

- ventricle contract - sends wave through artery - felt i.e. on wrist

Question 41

resting HR in regards to fitness level

Answer 41

higher fitness level, lower resting HR

Question 42

arteries characteristics

Answer 42

- thick muscular walls - narrow lumen - high pressure

Question 43

veins characteristics

Answer 43

- wide lumen - thin muscular walls - low pressure - valves

Question 44

capillaries characteristics

Answer 44

- extremely narrow lumen - 1-cell thick walls - found near alveoli/ skin surface

Question 45

how are capillaries made

Answer 45

the branching out of arteries (arterioles)

Question 46

blood vessel walls made out of

Answer 46

muscle and elastic fibre

Question 47

artery adaptations

Answer 47

- elastic fibres in walls recoil after stretching - this helps push blood along to maintain high pressure - result= pressure at end of artery is only slightly lower than when started

Question 48

capillary adaptations

Answer 48

- large surface area for gas exchange - blood flows slowly to give time for gas exchange - short distance between blood and cell

Question 49

vein adaptations

Answer 49

- blood squeezed along by muscle contraction/ organ contraction

Question 50

arterioles

Answer 50

- sub-division of arteries - blood carried to capillary network - important for regulating blood pressure - receive nerve impulses/ react to hormones to regulate their diameter

Question 51

venules

Answer 51

- collect blood from capillary beds - thin-walled - unite to form veins

Question 52

shunt vessels

Answer 52

- links artery directly to vein - control body flow by dilation and constriction - in endotherms, cold= constrict and hot= dilate