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Characteristics/ Organisation of Living Organisms Flashcards

1
Q

Traditional Classification System Name

A

Linnaean System

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2
Q

Linnaean system

A

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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3
Q

Binomial Name Definition

A

system for naming species which is internationally agreed upon

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4
Q

what makes up binomial name

A

genus and species

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5
Q

Canis Lupus– what is genus and what is species

A 
Canis= Genus
Lupus= Species
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6
Q
  • What was used to classify traditionally?

- Is it less or more accurate?

A
  • morphology (outer appearance of an animal) and anatomy (bone structure, organ layout, etc. )
  • less accurate
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7
Q
  • What is used to classify now?

- Is it less or more accurate?

A
  • DNA and amino acids

- more

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8
Q

mnemonic used to identify living things

A

MRS GREN

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9
Q

movement definition

A

action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position/ place

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10
Q

respiration definition

A

chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for METABOLISM

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11
Q

sensitivity definition

A

ability to detect or sense stimuli in internal/ external environment and respond to changes in environment

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12
Q

growth definition

A

permanent increase in size/ dry mass by increase in cell size, number or both

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13
Q

reproduction definition

A

process that makes more of the same kind of organism

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14
Q

excretion definition

A

removal from organisms pf the waste products of metabolism, toxic materials and substances in excess of requirements

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15
Q

nutrition definition

A

taking in of materials for energy, growth and development

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16
Q

nutrition plants needed

A

water. light, CO2, ions

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17
Q

nutrition animals requirements

A

organic compounds, ions, H20

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18
Q

metabolism definition

A

chemical reactions in cells including respiration

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19
Q

classification definition

A

the grouping by comparing their similarities and differences to reflect evolutionary relatedness

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20
Q

species definition

A

group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

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21
Q

what data is used to classify extinct organisms?

A

fossil data

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22
Q

diagram used to show relatedness between organisms

A

evolutionary trees

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23
Q

evolutionary trees:

  • what do the branches represent
  • what does the start (before branches out) represent
A
  • branches= species that have evolved from common ancestor

- start= common ancestor

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24
Q

cell membrane job/ function

A
  • separates the interior of the cell from the environment outside.
  • is selectively permeable (can control substances moving in and out of the cell)
25
cytoplasm: | what it is and what happens there
- jelly-like fluid that fills the cell | - where most of the cell’s chemical reactions take place.
26
ribosomes function
- the synthesising of proteins
27
DNA what it does/ has
- molecule that makes up the genetic material of cells | - contains the instructions for making the cell and for all the cell's functions.
28
enzymes what are/ do
- biological catalysts | - speed up lots of the reactions that happen in cells i.e. those involved in respiration.
29
are viruses considered to be living? | - why?
no | - cannot reproduce alone (need host cell)
30
examples of virus
- hiv | - flu virus
31
components of viruses
- genetic material (that contains instructions for the building and functioning of the virus) - protein coat (literally just layers of protein that form a coat)
32
5 kingdoms (names)
animals, plants, fungi, prokaryotes and protoctista
33
animal kingdom characteristics
- no cell wall and no chloroplasts - multicellular - heterotrophs (don't make their own food)
34
plant kingdom characteristics
- cell walls (made out of cellulose) - yes chloroplasts - yes photosynthesis - some multicellular, some are unicellular - autotrophs (make their own food).
35
fungi characteristics (+example)
- yes cell walls (made out of chitin) - no chloroplasts. - are decomposers (get food from decaying matter) - can be multicellular or unicellular. - i.e. Mushrooms and moulds
36
prokaryotes characteristics (+example)
- unicellular - no nucleus - i.e. Bacteria
37
what is a nucleus
a membrane-bound structure that contains the cell's genetic materials
38
protoctista characteristics (+example)
- unicellular - have nuclei Amoeba are an example.
39
vertebrates (and invertebrates) meaning
``` vertebrate= has backbone invertebrate= no backbone ```
40
5 classes of vertebrates
mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, amphibians
41
mammals characteristics
- mammary glands and sweat glands - give birth to live young. - four limbs - hair or fur - usually pinna (outer ears)
42
fish characteristics
- scales - fins - lateral line (a line that runs down the middle of their bodies). - gills for gas exchange in water
43
reptiles characteristics
- lay waterproof eggs on land - (excluding snakes) have four limbs. - dry, scaly skin.
44
amphibians characteristics
- lay eggs covered in jelly, in water. - moist scale-less skin - often have webbed feet - perform gas exchange through lungs and skin
45
birds characteristics
- feathers - two wings - two legs (which have scales) - lay hard-shelled eggs on land - lightweight bones
46
what are arthropods
invertebrates that have hard exoskeletons (made of chitin), segmented bodies and jointed legs
47
4 main groups of arthropods
crustaceans, insects, arachnids, myriapods
48
insects characteristics (+example)
- one or two pairs of wings - three pairs of jointed legs - three body segments (head, thorax and abdomen). - pair of compound eyes - pair of antennae. i. e. Bees and beetles
49
arachnids characteristics (+example)
- four pairs of legs - no wings or antennae - multiple pairs of simple eyes - jaws and mouthparts adapted to biting prey and injecting venom i. e. Spiders and scorpions
50
crustaceans characteristics (+example)
- two pairs of antennae - no wings - compound eyes - four or more pairs of legs - very hard, calcified (contains calcium) exoskeleton i. e. Crabs, woodlice
51
myriapods characteristics (+example)
- one pair of antennae - simple eyes - one pair of jointed legs per body segment. - many body segments. i. e. Centipedes and millipedes
52
what can plants be categorised into?
ferns and flowering plants
53
ferns characteristics
- don't have flowers or seeds | - reproduce asexually using spores.
54
flowering plants characteristics
- can reproduce asexually or sexually - may produce seeds in their ovaries - can be divided further depending on their cotyledons (seed leaves)
55
monocotyledons characteristics (+example)
- one seed lea - long thin leaves - leaf veins run parallel to the leaves i. e. Grasses
56
dicotyledons characteristics (+example)
- two seed leaves - broad flat leaves - leaf veins that branch across the leaves i. e. Roses
57
what do dichotomous keys do (how do they achieve their goal of identifying organisms)
- ask a series of simple questions, all with two choices | - questions become more specific as other organisms are ruled-out
58
what are dichotomous keys used for
identifying an organism

Biology (5 decks)

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