Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Characteristics/ Organisation of Living Organisms > Flashcards

Characteristics/ Organisation of Living Organisms Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Traditional Classification System Name

A

Linnaean System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Linnaean system

A

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Binomial Name Definition

A

system for naming species which is internationally agreed upon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what makes up binomial name

A

genus and species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Canis Lupus– what is genus and what is species

A 
Canis= Genus
Lupus= Species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • What was used to classify traditionally?

- Is it less or more accurate?

A
  • morphology (outer appearance of an animal) and anatomy (bone structure, organ layout, etc. )
  • less accurate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • What is used to classify now?

- Is it less or more accurate?

A
  • DNA and amino acids

- more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

mnemonic used to identify living things

A

MRS GREN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

movement definition

A

action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position/ place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

respiration definition

A

chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for METABOLISM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

sensitivity definition

A

ability to detect or sense stimuli in internal/ external environment and respond to changes in environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

growth definition

A

permanent increase in size/ dry mass by increase in cell size, number or both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

reproduction definition

A

process that makes more of the same kind of organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

excretion definition

A

removal from organisms pf the waste products of metabolism, toxic materials and substances in excess of requirements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

nutrition definition

A

taking in of materials for energy, growth and development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

nutrition plants needed

A

water. light, CO2, ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

nutrition animals requirements

A

organic compounds, ions, H20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

metabolism definition

A

chemical reactions in cells including respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

classification definition

A

the grouping by comparing their similarities and differences to reflect evolutionary relatedness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

species definition

A

group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what data is used to classify extinct organisms?

A

fossil data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

diagram used to show relatedness between organisms

A

evolutionary trees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

evolutionary trees:

  • what do the branches represent
  • what does the start (before branches out) represent
A
  • branches= species that have evolved from common ancestor

- start= common ancestor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

cell membrane job/ function

A
  • separates the interior of the cell from the environment outside.
  • is selectively permeable (can control substances moving in and out of the cell)
25
Q

cytoplasm:

what it is and what happens there

A
  • jelly-like fluid that fills the cell

- where most of the cell’s chemical reactions take place.

26
Q

ribosomes function

A
  • the synthesising of proteins
27
Q

DNA what it does/ has

A
  • molecule that makes up the genetic material of cells

- contains the instructions for making the cell and for all the cell’s functions.

28
Q

enzymes what are/ do

A
  • biological catalysts

- speed up lots of the reactions that happen in cells i.e. those involved in respiration.

29
Q

are viruses considered to be living?

- why?

A

no

- cannot reproduce alone (need host cell)

30
Q

examples of virus

A
  • hiv

- flu virus

31
Q

components of viruses

A
  • genetic material (that contains instructions for the building and functioning of the virus)
  • protein coat (literally just layers of protein that form a coat)
32
Q

5 kingdoms (names)

A

animals, plants, fungi, prokaryotes and protoctista

33
Q

animal kingdom characteristics

A
  • no cell wall and no chloroplasts
  • multicellular
  • heterotrophs (don’t make their own food)
34
Q

plant kingdom characteristics

A
  • cell walls (made out of cellulose)
  • yes chloroplasts
  • yes photosynthesis
  • some multicellular, some are unicellular
  • autotrophs (make their own food).
35
Q

fungi characteristics (+example)

A
  • yes cell walls (made out of chitin)
  • no chloroplasts.
  • are decomposers (get food from decaying matter)
  • can be multicellular or unicellular.
  • i.e. Mushrooms and moulds
36
Q

prokaryotes characteristics (+example)

A
  • unicellular
  • no nucleus
  • i.e. Bacteria
37
Q

what is a nucleus

A

a membrane-bound structure that contains the cell’s genetic materials

38
Q

protoctista characteristics (+example)

A
  • unicellular
  • have nuclei
    Amoeba are an example.
39
Q

vertebrates (and invertebrates) meaning

A 
vertebrate= has backbone
invertebrate= no backbone
40
Q

5 classes of vertebrates

A

mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, amphibians

41
Q

mammals characteristics

A
  • mammary glands and sweat glands
  • give birth to live young.
  • four limbs
  • hair or fur
  • usually pinna (outer ears)
42
Q

fish characteristics

A
  • scales
  • fins
  • lateral line (a line that runs down the middle of their bodies).
  • gills for gas exchange in water
43
Q

reptiles characteristics

A
  • lay waterproof eggs on land
  • (excluding snakes) have four limbs.
  • dry, scaly skin.
44
Q

amphibians characteristics

A
  • lay eggs covered in jelly, in water.
  • moist scale-less skin
  • often have webbed feet
  • perform gas exchange through lungs and skin
45
Q

birds characteristics

A
  • feathers
  • two wings
  • two legs (which have scales)
  • lay hard-shelled eggs on land
  • lightweight bones
46
Q

what are arthropods

A

invertebrates that have hard exoskeletons (made of chitin), segmented bodies and jointed legs

47
Q

4 main groups of arthropods

A

crustaceans, insects, arachnids, myriapods

48
Q

insects characteristics (+example)

A
  • one or two pairs of wings
  • three pairs of jointed legs
  • three body segments (head, thorax and abdomen).
  • pair of compound eyes
  • pair of antennae.
    i. e. Bees and beetles
49
Q

arachnids characteristics (+example)

A
  • four pairs of legs
  • no wings or antennae
  • multiple pairs of simple eyes
  • jaws and mouthparts adapted to biting prey and injecting venom
    i. e. Spiders and scorpions
50
Q

crustaceans characteristics (+example)

A
  • two pairs of antennae
  • no wings
  • compound eyes
  • four or more pairs of legs
  • very hard, calcified (contains calcium) exoskeleton
    i. e. Crabs, woodlice
51
Q

myriapods characteristics (+example)

A
  • one pair of antennae
  • simple eyes
  • one pair of jointed legs per body segment.
  • many body segments.
    i. e. Centipedes and millipedes
52
Q

what can plants be categorised into?

A

ferns and flowering plants

53
Q

ferns characteristics

A
  • don’t have flowers or seeds

- reproduce asexually using spores.

54
Q

flowering plants characteristics

A
  • can reproduce asexually or sexually
  • may produce seeds in their ovaries
  • can be divided further depending on their cotyledons (seed leaves)
55
Q

monocotyledons characteristics (+example)

A
  • one seed lea
  • long thin leaves
  • leaf veins run parallel to the leaves
    i. e. Grasses
56
Q

dicotyledons characteristics (+example)

A
  • two seed leaves
  • broad flat leaves
  • leaf veins that branch across the leaves
    i. e. Roses
57
Q

what do dichotomous keys do (how do they achieve their goal of identifying organisms)

A
  • ask a series of simple questions, all with two choices

- questions become more specific as other organisms are ruled-out

58
Q

what are dichotomous keys used for

A

identifying an organism

Biology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions