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Anatomy > Circulatory system > Flashcards

Circulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

the arteries which do no contain O2 BLOOD

A

pulmonary trunk and its 2 branches, pulmonary arteries and in foetal umbilical artery

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2
Q

arteries contain what type of tissue

A

elastic tissue

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3
Q

arterioles have ever increasing amount of WHAT in their walls

A

smooth muscles

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4
Q

what priovide maximam peripheral resistance

A

arterioles

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5
Q

angeion means

A

vessel

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6
Q

what veins are o2 blood

A

pulmonary vein and its 4 branches and umbilical vein

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7
Q

largest vein

A

inferior vena cava

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8
Q

capillaries

A

network of microscopic vessels that join the arteries with veins

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9
Q

capillaries are replaced by what in certain organs and what organs?

A

spleen and liver and replaced by sinusoids

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10
Q

blood vessels can be classified

A
  1. distributing vessels (arterioles)
  2. resistance vessels (arterioles and precapillary sphincter)
  3. exchange vessels ( capillaries, sinusoids, postcapillary venules )
  4. reservoir (large venules and veins)
  5. shunt (anastomosing)
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11
Q

total amount of blood in humans

A

4-5 liters

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12
Q

types of circulation

A

systematic
pulmonary
portal

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13
Q

systematic circulation

A

left ventricle to aortic valve to aorta supplying o2 blood to tissue and returning venous blood to right atrium

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14
Q

pulmonary circulatiin

A

right ventricle to pulmonary trunk to pulmonary artery to lungs back to left atrium through pulmonary veins

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15
Q

portal circulation

A

is a part of systematic circulation
has two sets of capillaries before blood is draining blood into systematic vein
first set of capillaries is knows as PORTAL VEIN which branches and makes the second set of capillaries or sinusoids

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16
Q

e.g of portal circulation

A

hepatic portal circulation, renal portal circulation

hypothermal-hypophyseal portal circulation

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17
Q

places in body where arteries are thin walled

A

cranium and vertebral canal

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18
Q

characteristics of arteries

A

thick walled, narrow lumen, muscular and elastic in nature, no valves present

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19
Q

arteries accompanied by veins nerves and lymphatic are called

A

neurovascular bundles

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20
Q

neurovascular bundle is surrounded and supported by

A

fibro areolar sheath

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21
Q

types of arteries

A

large elastic type
small and medium muscular type
smallest muscular type

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22
Q

large elastic type arteries

A

aorta and its branches (brachiocephalic, common carotid, subclavian, common iliac and pulmonary trunk)

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23
Q

small and medium muscular type arteries

A

femoral, radial, ulnar and popliteal

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24
Q

smallest muscular type arterioles

A

these are arterioles are 50-100 microns, they divide into terminal arterioles with diameter 15-20 microns and then these have side branches called metarterioles which are 10-15 at origin but their terminal part is 5 microns

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25
Q

the end of metarteriole has what that controls blood pressure

A

pre capillary sphincter

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26
Q

muscular arterioles regulates what?

A

diastolic blood pressure

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27
Q

3 coats of arteries

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia

28
Q

tunica adventitia is made up of what and merges with what

A

collagen fibers and merges with perivascular sheath

29
Q

blood supply of arteries

A

network of dense capillary is present in tunica adventitia knows as vasa vasorum which supplies it with blood (nutrient vessel) with the outer part of tunica media
tunica intima and and inner part of tunic media is supplied by diffusion through luminal blood

30
Q

palpable artries

A

carotid, femoral, radial, facial, branchial, dorsalis pedis, abdominal aorta and dorsal tibia

31
Q

nerve supply of arteries is done by

A

nervi vascularis which myelinated parasympathetic fibers

32
Q

nervi vascularis causes what vaso

A

vasoconstriction

33
Q

vasodilation in arteries are restricted to what areas?

A

skeletal muscles (cholinergic parasympathetic)
exocrine gland by parasympathetic nerve vessels
cutaneous vessels are dilated locally to cause flare at site of injury

34
Q

cutaneous vessels are dilated by?

A

afferent impulses through antidromically through collateral to the blood vessels

35
Q

characteristics of veins

A

less muscular or elastic, has collagen, wide lumen has valves, less thick, less pressure (7mm hg), has dead space around for dilation

36
Q

valves are absent in what veins

A

veins less than 2 mm, cerebral, spinal, ovarian, uterine, vena cava, hepatic, renal, pulmonary and umbilical veins

37
Q

structure of veins

A

3 layers same as arteries
less muscular and elastic fibers has more collagen fibers, smooth muscles present and tunica adventitia is thickest and best developed

38
Q

what veins do not have smooth muscles

A

1.maternal part of placenta
2. cranium venous sinuses and pial vein
3. retinal veins
4.cancellous bones
5. corpora cavernosa
corpus spongiosum of penis

39
Q

factors helping in venous return

A
  1. overflow of capillaries and push from behind the arteries
  2. gravity
  3. arterial pulsation in venae comitantes
  4. muscle contraction
  5. valves
  6. negative intrathoracic pressure
40
Q

what is known as the peripheral heart and why?

A

calf muscles (soleus) because of muscle contraction of tight sleep of deep fascia

41
Q

capillaries

A

microscopic endothelial tubes interposed arterioles and venules

42
Q

the capillaries are replaced by what and in what organs

A

cavernous in sex organs, splenic pulp and placenta

43
Q

types of capillaries

A
  1. continuous

2. fenestrated

44
Q

continuous capillaries location

A

present in skin, brain, lungs, smooth and skeletal muscles and connective tissue

45
Q

fenestrated capillaries

A

pancreas, glomeruli/intestinal mucosa and endocrine glands

46
Q

what makes an enormous area for exchange of nutrienrs, waste products water and metabolites

A

capillary bed and postcapillary venules

47
Q

pericytes

A

present in outersurface of capillaries and small vanules, where there is no adventitia
its processes wind around endothelium
act as stem cells
takes part is repair of new blood vessels
reveal contractile property

48
Q

what are sinusoids

A

replacement of cappilaries and are large vascular spaces surrounded by the parenchyma of the organ and has no continous basement membrane

49
Q

location of sinusoids

A

spleen, liver, bone marrow, carotid body, parathyroid hormone,

50
Q

structure of sinusoid

A

wide lumen, lined by endothelium and thin incomplete walls. endothelium has phagocytic cells. adventitia is not present

51
Q

what is angiosome

A

3D blood of tissue composed of skin, fascia, muscle and bone.

52
Q

neighboring angiosome are connected through

53
Q

what supply tunica adventita

A

efferent autonomic nerve fiber

54
Q

cholinergic sympathetic fibers

A

varicose in nature and causes vasodilation

55
Q

what hormones reach tunica intima

A

nitric oxide and endothelin

56
Q

anastomosing

A

precapillary and postcapillary communication between neighboring vessels.

57
Q

types of arterial anastomosing

A

actual or potential

58
Q

actual arterial anastomosing

A

arteries meet end to end, palmer arches, planter arches, circle of Willis and labial branches of facial arteries.

59
Q

potential arterial anastomosing

A

communication between terminal arterials

e.g coronal artery

60
Q

venous anastomosing

A

dorsal venous arches of foot and hand

61
Q

shunt vessels are found in

A

skin, lips, tongue, thyroid gland, erectile tissues of sex organs, coccygeal body mucosal membrane of nose and alimentary canal

62
Q

what is glomera

A

specialized arteriovenous on the skin of nailbed and and digital pads

63
Q

examples of end arteries

A

artery of retina and labyrinthine artery of internal ear
central branches of cerebral artery
arteries of kindey, spleen, lunds and methaphyses of long bones

64
Q

circulation through anastomosis is called

A

collateral circulation

65
Q

specialized shunt vessels found in

A

nail beds and digital pads

66
Q

what are end arteries

A

that doesn’t anastomose with neighbors

Anatomy (4 decks)

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