Circulatory System 1/2

Question 1

Function of the Circulatory system

Answer 1

• A network of organs and blood vessels that flow materials such as blood cells, carbon dioxide, hormones, nutrients and other dissolved gasses

to or from cells to nourish, protect the body and maintain ph body temperature

• Main Function: Maintain Homeostasis

Question 2

Homeostasis

Answer 2

• Ability of a system to keep a constant internal environment even despite extreme external conditions
• Example: Maintaining ph body temperature despite extreme climates

Question 3

The Heart

Answer 3

• A hollow muscular organ that pumps blood to/from blood vessels to/from other parts of the body using constant rhythmic contractions

Question 4

Pericardium

Answer 4

• A double walled - membrane surrounding the heart
• Divided in 2 parts:
  
  • Parietal pericardium (outer wall)
  • Visceral pericardium (Inner wall)
• Produces “pericardial fluids” into the parietal cavity that allow the inner and outer walls in the to slide over during heart contraction

Question 5

The 3 layers of the outer wall of the heart

Answer 5

• Epicardium/Visceral pericardium, outer layer of the heart
• Myocardium, middle layer made up of contractible cardiac muscle
• Endocardium: the inner layer

Question 6

Types of chambers of the heart

Answer 6

• Atria
  
  • Receives blood flowing back to the heart
• Ventricles
  
  • Pumps blood out of the heart
• Septum
  
  • A thick muscle that separates the left and right atriums and ventricles

Question 7

Valves

Answer 7

• Flap like structures that control flow of blood in the heart
• Opens and closes via contractions of the heart

Question 8

The 2 main types of valves

Answer 8

• Atrioventricular valve
  
  • Valves between atrium and ventricles
• Semilunar valve
  
  • Between the left ventricle and
    aorta
  • Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Question 9

Sub types of valves

Answer 9

• Mitral valve aka bicuspid valve (Left valve)
• Tricuspid valve (Right valve)
• Pulmonary valve
• Aortic valve

Question 10

Types of Blood vessels

Answer 10

• Arteries
  
  • Flows blood from the heart to various parts of the body
• Veins
  
  • Opposite of Arteries; flows blood from the various parts of the body to the heart
• Capillaries
  
  • Between the Arteries and Veins

Question 11

Types of Arteries STAR

Answer 11

NOTE: Arteries are where the HEART pumps out blood
- Pulmonary Arteries
- Carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs
- Systemic Arteries
- Gives oxygenated blood to various parts of the Body
- Aorta
- Main and Largest artery in the Body
- Supplies blood to the head, the heart, and the lower regions of the body
- Arterioles
- Smallest Artery

Question 12

Types of Veins

Answer 12

• Pulmonary veins
• Systemic Veins
  
  • Gives un oxygenated blood from various parts of the heart
• Superficial Veins
  
  • Near the surface of the skin
• Deep veins