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Biology 20: Resp System > Circulatory sysetm > Flashcards

Circulatory sysetm Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three functions of the circulatory system?

A

Transports gases,
nutrients, and wastes
throughout your body

Regulates internal
temperature and
carries hormones

Protects against
diseases and blood
loss due to injuries

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2
Q

What are the three main structures of the circulatory system?

A

Heart - pumps blood throughout the
body
Blood vessels – “roadways” for the
blood to travel
Blood – carries the essential
products required for a healthy
body

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3
Q

What are the four main chambers of the heart?

A

Right atrium, left ventricle, left atrium, right ventricle.

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4
Q

What muscular wall separates the ventricles?

A

septum

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5
Q

Which side of the heart circulates oxygen poor blood?

A

Right side

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6
Q

Which side of the heart circulates oxygen rich blood?

A

Left side

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7
Q

What are the four one-way valves inside the heart?

A

Tricuspid, bicuspid(Mitural), Right semilunar valve, left semilunar valve.

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8
Q

What are the three main pathways of circulation?

A

Systemic Pathway -
delivers blood to the
upper and lower parts
of the body

Pulmonary Pathway
- delivers blood to the
lungs

Coronary Pathway
- supplies blood to the
heart itself

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9
Q

What are the three main types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries, veins and capillaries

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10
Q

Which node triggers a heartbeat?

A

SA Node

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11
Q

What causes a heart murmur?

A

This murmur is the sound of blood rushing
backwards through a valve, and creates a
gurgling sound Valve doesn’t close

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12
Q

What does an ECG do?

A

The electrical activity in the heart can be
measured using an electrocardiogram (ECG)

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13
Q

How do we calculate cardiac output?

A

Calculate cardiac output in
Systlic pressure(higher number) over diastolic pressure(lower number) L/min.

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14
Q

BP

What is a sphygmomanometer?

A

This device fills with air
and closes off blood flow
in the brachial artery of
the arm measures Blood pressure

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15
Q

What are the main components of blood?

A

Plasma = fluid

Formed Portion = solid

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16
Q

What do red blood cells do?

A

Red blood cells are
specialized for oxygen
transport

17
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A

will double in
amount when your body
is fighting an infection

18
Q

What do platelets do?

A

Are broken off
fragments of other
cells

Main function is to
clot blood to prevent
excess blood loss
after an injury

19
Q

How does blood interact with other body systems?

A

transport materials throughut body, homeostasis.

20
Q

Vasodilation

A

Blood vessels near the skin
dilate, to increase the amount
of blood flow through them,
thus allowing more heat to be
lost through the skin

21
Q

vasoconstriction

A

Blood vessels
constrict, preventing
blood from passing
near the skin, so little
heat is lost

22
Q

What happens if a blood vessel is blocked/ruptured?

A

heart attack

23
Q

Role of T cells

A

signal an attack
from foreign invaders

24
Q

What are the 4 types of T cells?

A

Helper T cells - recognize foreign antigens, and stimulate
macrophages, B cells, and other T cells.

Killer T cells - activated by helper T cells or presence of a foreign
antigen. Kill foreign cells by puncturing a hole in their
membrane.

Suppressor T cells - protect regular cells from our immune
system

Memory T cells - like memory B cells, stay in blood ready for the
next immune response

25
Q

Role of a B cell

A

B cells produce antibodies

26
Q

How do B cells work?

A

When a B cell is triggered it creates large quantities
of the antibody it carries (to fight the antigen), as
well as memory B cells (which stay in the blood ready
for another immune response)

27
Q

Antigen

A

foregin substance that enters the body

28
Q

antibody

A

a protein produced by your immune system to attack and fight off these antigens.

29
Q

What are some facts about antibodies and antigens?

A

Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins
An antibody attaches to a specific
antigen because they have similar
shapes Often the antigen-antibody
complex makes the invader more
visible to wandering
macrophages, which engulf the
bacteria

30
Q

Specific and non specific immunity

A

non specific: englufs everything via phagocytosis

specific: specifilaized lymphocytes to detsory foreign antigens

31
Q

Lympatic system

A

Lymphocyte = white blood cell

Lymph = fluid containing white blood cells
The lymphatic
system is a
network of vessels,
glands, and nodes
spread throughout
the body

32
Q

Role of lymphatic system

A

The lymphatic system
connects to the circulatory
system

Lymph works with white
blood cells to protect the body
from infection (lymphocytes
mature in the lymph nodes)

33
Q
A

Biology 20: Resp System (4 decks)

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