Circulatory sysetm Flashcards
What are the three functions of the circulatory system?
Transports gases,
nutrients, and wastes
throughout your body
Regulates internal
temperature and
carries hormones
Protects against
diseases and blood
loss due to injuries
What are the three main structures of the circulatory system?
Heart - pumps blood throughout the
body
Blood vessels – “roadways” for the
blood to travel
Blood – carries the essential
products required for a healthy
body
What are the four main chambers of the heart?
Right atrium, left ventricle, left atrium, right ventricle.
What muscular wall separates the ventricles?
septum
Which side of the heart circulates oxygen poor blood?
Right side
Which side of the heart circulates oxygen rich blood?
Left side
What are the four one-way valves inside the heart?
Tricuspid, bicuspid(Mitural), Right semilunar valve, left semilunar valve.
What are the three main pathways of circulation?
Systemic Pathway -
delivers blood to the
upper and lower parts
of the body
Pulmonary Pathway
- delivers blood to the
lungs
Coronary Pathway
- supplies blood to the
heart itself
What are the three main types of blood vessels?
Arteries, veins and capillaries
Which node triggers a heartbeat?
SA Node
What causes a heart murmur?
This murmur is the sound of blood rushing
backwards through a valve, and creates a
gurgling sound Valve doesn’t close
What does an ECG do?
The electrical activity in the heart can be
measured using an electrocardiogram (ECG)
How do we calculate cardiac output?
Calculate cardiac output in
Systlic pressure(higher number) over diastolic pressure(lower number) L/min.
BP
What is a sphygmomanometer?
This device fills with air
and closes off blood flow
in the brachial artery of
the arm measures Blood pressure
What are the main components of blood?
Plasma = fluid
Formed Portion = solid
What do red blood cells do?
Red blood cells are
specialized for oxygen
transport
What do white blood cells do?
will double in
amount when your body
is fighting an infection
What do platelets do?
Are broken off
fragments of other
cells
Main function is to
clot blood to prevent
excess blood loss
after an injury
How does blood interact with other body systems?
transport materials throughut body, homeostasis.
Vasodilation
Blood vessels near the skin
dilate, to increase the amount
of blood flow through them,
thus allowing more heat to be
lost through the skin
vasoconstriction
Blood vessels
constrict, preventing
blood from passing
near the skin, so little
heat is lost
What happens if a blood vessel is blocked/ruptured?
heart attack
Role of T cells
signal an attack
from foreign invaders
What are the 4 types of T cells?
Helper T cells - recognize foreign antigens, and stimulate
macrophages, B cells, and other T cells.
Killer T cells - activated by helper T cells or presence of a foreign
antigen. Kill foreign cells by puncturing a hole in their
membrane.
Suppressor T cells - protect regular cells from our immune
system
Memory T cells - like memory B cells, stay in blood ready for the
next immune response
Role of a B cell
B cells produce antibodies
How do B cells work?
When a B cell is triggered it creates large quantities
of the antibody it carries (to fight the antigen), as
well as memory B cells (which stay in the blood ready
for another immune response)
Antigen
foregin substance that enters the body
antibody
a protein produced by your immune system to attack and fight off these antigens.
Y shape
What are some facts about antibodies and antigens?
Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins
An antibody attaches to a specific
antigen because they have similar
shapes Often the antigen-antibody
complex makes the invader more
visible to wandering
macrophages, which engulf the
bacteria
Specific and non specific immunity
non specific: englufs everything via phagocytosis
specific: specifilaized lymphocytes to detsory foreign antigens
Lympatic system
Lymphocyte = white blood cell
Lymph = fluid containing white blood cells
The lymphatic
system is a
network of vessels,
glands, and nodes
spread throughout
the body
Role of lymphatic system
The lymphatic system
connects to the circulatory
system
Lymph works with white
blood cells to protect the body
from infection (lymphocytes
mature in the lymph nodes)
