Circulatory/Respiratory Systems Flashcards
Blood consists of:
55% plasma
45% formed elements: erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), and platelets (form bloodclots)
Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets are formed elements that are produced from
Stem cells in RED BONE MARROW.
______ are modified for transport of OXYGEN
Erythrocytes
Most of RBC oxygen is bound to the pigmented PROTEIN called
HEMOGLOBIN
Some WBC have cytoplasmic ______ that distinguish them.
Granules
WBC are active in ______ & _________.
- Phagocytosis: Neutrophils and Monocytes.
& - Antibody formation : B lymphocytes
_______ serves to transport oxygen and nutrients to body cells and to carry away carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes.
BLOOD
HEART is a double pump sending BLOOD to the lungs for OXYGENATION through the _______ circuit and to the remainder of the body through the _______ circuit.
- Pulmonary
- Systemic
Blood is received by the _____ and is pumped into circulation by the _______
Atria
Ventricles
VALVES between the ATRIUMS and VENTRICLES are called:
TRICUSPID VALVE - RIGHT SIDE
MITRAL OR BICUSPID VALVE- LEFT SIDE.
Blood is supplied to the HEART MUSCLE (MYOCARDIUM) by the ______ arteries.
CORONARY ARTERIES.
What are the SEMILUNAR VALVES called?
AORTIC VALVE (LEFT SIDE)
PULMONARY VALVE (RIGHT SIDE)
** are found at the ENTRANCE***
Deoxygenated Blood drains from the myocardium directly into the ____ ATRIUM through the coronary sinus.
RIGHT ATRIUM.
The wave of electrical activity of the HEART is what is measured on an __________
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
The CARDIAC CYCLE is the period from the:
END of one VENTRICLE contraction to the end of the NEXT ventricular contraction.
The CONTRACTION phase (pumping blood out) of the heart cycle is called
SYSTOLE
(Top number)
The RELAXATION phase of the heart cycle is called
DIASTOLE
(Bottom number of bp)
Which part of the heart is the thickest and why?
LEFT VENTRICLE has thickes wall out of ALL the chambers
Its thicker due to its job of pumping blood to the entire body.
(Right side of heart only pumps blood to LUNGS)
What consists of the VASCULAR SYSTEM?
ARTERIES (carry blood AWAY from heart)
VEINS (carry blood TOWARDS the heart)
CAPILLARIES (smallest vessels exchange of water, nutrients, and waste products.
The smallest arteries are called
Arterioles
The superior vena cavae and the inferior vena cavae are the LARGE VEINS that EMPTY into the __________ atrium of the heart.
RIGHT.
Walls of ARTERIES (red) ARE ____ & ______
Thick and elastic
(Carry blood under high pressure)
Walls of VEINS (blue) are _____ & _____
Thin and less elastic
(Carry blood under lower pressure)
Vasoconstriction (close) and vasodialation (open) result from contraction and relaxation of ________ muscle in the arterial walls.
SMOOTH
