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ANATOMY > Circulatory/Respiratory Systems > Flashcards

Circulatory/Respiratory Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Blood consists of:

A

55% plasma
45% formed elements: erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), and platelets (form bloodclots)

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2
Q

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets are formed elements that are produced from

A

Stem cells in RED BONE MARROW.

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3
Q

______ are modified for transport of OXYGEN

A

Erythrocytes

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4
Q

Most of RBC oxygen is bound to the pigmented PROTEIN called

A

HEMOGLOBIN

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5
Q

Some WBC have cytoplasmic ______ that distinguish them.

A

Granules

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6
Q

WBC are active in ______ & _________.

A
  1. Phagocytosis: Neutrophils and Monocytes.
    &
  2. Antibody formation : B lymphocytes
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7
Q

_______ serves to transport oxygen and nutrients to body cells and to carry away carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes.

A

BLOOD

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8
Q

HEART is a double pump sending BLOOD to the lungs for OXYGENATION through the _______ circuit and to the remainder of the body through the _______ circuit.

A
  1. Pulmonary
  2. Systemic
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9
Q

Blood is received by the _____ and is pumped into circulation by the _______

A

Atria
Ventricles

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10
Q

VALVES between the ATRIUMS and VENTRICLES are called:

A

TRICUSPID VALVE - RIGHT SIDE
MITRAL OR BICUSPID VALVE- LEFT SIDE.

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11
Q

Blood is supplied to the HEART MUSCLE (MYOCARDIUM) by the ______ arteries.

A

CORONARY ARTERIES.

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12
Q

What are the SEMILUNAR VALVES called?

A

AORTIC VALVE (LEFT SIDE)
PULMONARY VALVE (RIGHT SIDE)

** are found at the ENTRANCE***

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13
Q

Deoxygenated Blood drains from the myocardium directly into the ____ ATRIUM through the coronary sinus.

A

RIGHT ATRIUM.

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14
Q

The wave of electrical activity of the HEART is what is measured on an __________

A

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

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15
Q

The CARDIAC CYCLE is the period from the:

A

END of one VENTRICLE contraction to the end of the NEXT ventricular contraction.

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16
Q

The CONTRACTION phase (pumping blood out) of the heart cycle is called

A

SYSTOLE
(Top number)

17
Q

The RELAXATION phase of the heart cycle is called

A

DIASTOLE
(Bottom number of bp)

18
Q

Which part of the heart is the thickest and why?

A

LEFT VENTRICLE has thickes wall out of ALL the chambers
Its thicker due to its job of pumping blood to the entire body.

(Right side of heart only pumps blood to LUNGS)

19
Q

What consists of the VASCULAR SYSTEM?

A

ARTERIES (carry blood AWAY from heart)
VEINS (carry blood TOWARDS the heart)
CAPILLARIES (smallest vessels exchange of water, nutrients, and waste products.

20
Q

The smallest arteries are called

A

Arterioles

21
Q

The superior vena cavae and the inferior vena cavae are the LARGE VEINS that EMPTY into the __________ atrium of the heart.

A

RIGHT.

22
Q

Walls of ARTERIES (red) ARE ____ & ______

A

Thick and elastic
(Carry blood under high pressure)

23
Q

Walls of VEINS (blue) are _____ & _____

A

Thin and less elastic
(Carry blood under lower pressure)

24
Q

Vasoconstriction (close) and vasodialation (open) result from contraction and relaxation of ________ muscle in the arterial walls.

A

SMOOTH

25
Q

Components of the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM include:

A

NOSE
PHARYNX
LARYNX
TRACHEA
BRONCHI
LUNGS WITH ALVEOLI
DIAPHRAGM
MUSCLES SURROUNDING THE RIBS.

26
Q

RESPIRATION IS CONTROLLED BY THE RESPIRATION CONTROL CENTER in the _______ of the brain.

A

MEDULLA

27
Q

The respiratory system supplies OXYGEN to the body and ELIMINATES ______ ________.

A

Carbon dioxide

28
Q

Refers to the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the alveoli

A

EXTERNAL RESPIRATION

29
Q

Refers to the exchange of gases between the blood and body cells.

A

INTERNAL RESPIRATION.

30
Q

Most of the oxygen carried in the blood is bound to _____ in red blood cells.

A

HEMOGLOBIN

31
Q

_______ _______ IS A REGULATOR OF BLOOD PH.

A

CARBON DIOXIDE.

ANATOMY (6 decks)

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