Anatomy Flashcards
Name the body planes
Median planes
Coronal plane
Transverse plane
A ______ is a cut made along the PLANE.
Section.
A cut along the median plane
Sagittal section
A cut along the CORONAL plane is a
Frontal section
A cut through the TRANSVERSE plane is a
Cross-section
Anatomic position: Body is ERECT, feet are slightly APART, the head is held HIGH, and the PALMS of the hands are facing _________
Forward.
Toward the midline
MEDIAL
Away from midline OR toward the sides.
LATERAL
Terms of direction usually used in reference to LIMBS
1. CLOSER to the point of ATTACHMENT
2. FURTHER away from points of attachment
- Proximal
- DISTAL
The major BODY CAVITIES are:
Dorsal cavity
Ventral Cavity
Dorsal cavity includes:
Cranial and Spinal cavities
The VENTRAL CAVITY includes
Thoracic, and abdomin & pelvic cavities
Study of tissues
Histology
A ________ is a GROUP OF CELLS with a SIMILAR STRUCTURE that ACT TOGETHER to perform specific functions.
TISSUE
What are the 4 fundamental tissues?
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nerve tissue
Epithelial cells cover, line, and protect the _____________
Body and its internal organs
Connective tissue is the framework of the _______, providing support and structure for the __________.
- Body
- Organs
Nerve tissue is composed of
Neurons and connective tissue cells referred to as NEUROGLIA.
MUSCLE tissue is classified as ____ muscle or _____ muscle.
- VOLUNTARY
- SKELETAL
Voluntary muscle is known as:
Skeletal muscles.
Involuntary muscle is known as
Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle tissue.
The _____ is the basic unit of life and the building block of tissues and organs.
CELL
The ________ which contains DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA)
NUCLEUS
The _______ are important in the synthesis (making) of PROTEINS.
RIBOSOMES
PROTEINS include the ________ that regulate all chemical reactions within the body.
ENZYMES
______ is the process by which BODY CELLS DIVIDE and create COPIES OF THEMSELVES for growth and repair
MITOSIS
Process where DNA is duplicated and distributed evenly to 2 daughter cells
MITOSIS
(T for two daughter cells)
A special cell division where rhe NEW CELLS have HALF the genetic material of the parent cell and is the process by which egg and sperm cells are created in the GONADS (testes/ovaries).
End product: 4 haploid cells
MEIOSIS
(ME for making a mini ME)
Process where the chromosome number is reduced from 46 to 23.
The zygote will carry half of each parents chromosomes and baby will have a total of 46 chromosomes
MEIOSIS.
The largest organ of the body
SKIN
Name the 2 layers of the skin:
Epidermis
Dermis
The ____ layer of the skin is the OUTERMOST PROTECTIVE layer of DEAD keratinized epithelial cells.
EPIDERMIS
The_______ is the underlying layer of FIBROUS connective tissue with BLOOD VESSELS, NERVE ENDINGS and the associated skin structures.
DERMIS
The DERMIS rests on the _______ tissue that connects the skin to the superficial muscles.
SUBCUTANEOUS tissue
(fat tissue)
Name the layers of the EPIDERMIS starting with the top most layer.
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratus germinativum: includes stratum spinosum and Stratum basale
Which later of the skin does MITOSIS occur?
Epidermis at the Stratum Germinativum ( stratum spinosum and basale) level.
_____ cells contain the protein pigment called MELANIN which protects against radiation from the sun.
Epidermal cells.
What layers of the skin do you FIND sensory nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands?
Dermis
Two types of SWEAT GLANDS
Ecrine sweat glands - does not touch hair follicle
Appocrine sweat glands: attached to hair follicle.
Sweat glands in the groin and arpmits secrete _____.
This secretion contains bits of CYTOPLASM from the secreting cells.
APOCRINE.
What produces body odor?
Cell debris attracts bacteria.
Presence of bacteria on the skin results in body odor.
Which glands release an oily secretion (SEBUM) THROUGH the hair follicles that lubricates the skin and prevents drying. (touches hair follicle)
SEBACEOUS GLANDS.
Apendages of the skin include ____ & ______ both composed of a strong protein called ______.
Hair and nails.
KERATIN
_____ sweat gkabds occur over most of the body and open DIRECTLY onto the skin’s surface.
Eccrine
Glands that open into the hair follicle leading to the surface of the skin. Found in areas with MANY hair follicles, such as the scalp, armpits and groin.
APPOCRINE
Name the 2 types of CELL DIVISION
Meiosis
Mitosis
