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Microbiology > Circulatory, RES & Lymphatics-Viral I > Flashcards

Circulatory, RES & Lymphatics-Viral I Flashcards

1
Q

Epstein Barr Virus Associated Diseases

A

Infectious mononucleosis, oral hairy leukoplakia, burkitt’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s Disease, Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, PTLD

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2
Q

Commonly afflicts adolescents and adults

A

infectious mononucleosis

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3
Q

Epstein Barr associated disease that commonly afflicts immunocompromised individuals

A

Oral Hairy Leukoplakia

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4
Q

Epstein Barr-Oral Hairy Leukoplakia state of viral infection

A

productive

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5
Q

Epstein Barr-Infectious mononucleosis state of viral infection

A

productive, but disease due to immunopathology

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6
Q

Epstein Barr-Burkitt’s lymphoma commonly afflicts

A

Children in central Africa

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7
Q

Epstein Barr associated disease whose viral infections are in the latent state

A

Hodgkin’s disease, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, PTLD

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8
Q

Commonly afflicts transplant patients (Epstein-barr associated)

A

PTLD

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9
Q

Commonly affects individuals living in southeast Asia and China

A

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

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10
Q

Epstein Barr Virus family

A

Herpesviridae

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11
Q

dsDNA virus, uses C3d component of complement system for attachment and entry, replicates in epithelial and B-cells

A

Epstein Barr Virus

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12
Q

EBV triggers what to proliferate and produce antibodies ?

A

B Cells

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13
Q

type of antibodies commonly produced in EBV infection

A

heterophile antibodies

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14
Q

Latency phase of EBV occurs when

A

infected B cells survive immune response and become memory B cells

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15
Q

reactivation from latency

A

usually asymptomatic

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16
Q

CD40 homologue, constitutively active

A

Latent Membrane Protein 1

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17
Q

increases growth of B cells

A

Latent Membrane Protein 2

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18
Q

transactivation of EBV transforming genes (LMP1/LMP2), and inhibits apoptosis

A

Epstein Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen 1 (EBNA1)

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19
Q

Genes involved in EBV carcinogenesis

A

LMP1, LMP2, EBNA1

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20
Q

transmission through saliva

A

Epstein-Barr Virus

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21
Q

percent of seropositive adults in the world

A

90%

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22
Q

Symptoms of mononucleosis

A

fever, malaise, exudative pharyngitis, splenomegaly, tender lymphadenitis

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23
Q

biochemical marker of infectious mononucleosis

A

heterophile antibodies

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24
Q

most common in young adulthood in industrialized countries

A

infectious mononucleosis

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25
pathogenesis of infectious mononucleosis
immune targeting of the infected B cells
26
EBV and ampicillin treatment may cause
a characteristic rash-immune complexes
27
Serological markers of Infectious Mononucleosis marking lytic phase-primary infection
EA= EBV Early Antigen, VCA=EBV Viral Capsid Antigen
28
Serological markers of Infectious Mononucleosis marking latent phase-indicates a past infection
EBNA=Epstein Barr Nuclear Antigen
29
test that looks for heterophile antibodies: agglutinate if positive
Mono Spot test
30
In addition to the mono spot test you may test for primary EBV infection
antibodies to EBV (IgM to Viral Capsid Antigen)
31
atypical monocytes (T cells) found in infectious mononucleosis that have an altered nucleus and indented cell margin-prevalent in EBV infection
Downey Cells
32
Tx: infectiouis mononucleosis
no vaccines, rest and rehydrate, avoid strenous activity to avoid splenic rupture
33
plaque like lesion on lateral surface of the tongue due to EBV replicating in the epithelial cells
oral hairy leukoplakia
34
Can be treated with antiherpetic drugs, podophyllin resin
Oral Hairy Leukoplakia (EBV)
35
associated with a translocation 8 to 14 of myc gene-causes overexpression of myc (transcriptional activator for pushing cells from G1 to S)
Burkitt's Lymphoma
36
most rapidly progressing human tumor
Burkitt's Lymphoma
37
% of cases of Burkitt's lymphoma associated with EBV
20%
38
co-factors associated with Burkitt's Lymphoma
chronic malaria (endemic), immune suppression
39
clinical symptoms of Hodgkin's Disease
nontender, palpable, lymphadenopathy in neck, supraclavicular, and/or axilla, medistinal adenopathy (1/3 present with fever, night sweats, and weight loss)
40
hallmark of Hodgkin's Disease
Reed-Sternberg cell
41
Large cell with two or more nuclei or nuclear lobes, each of which contains a large eosinophilic nucleolus
Reed-Sternberg cell
42
Hodgkin's Disease Tx:
radiotherapy/chemotherapy
43
% Hodgkin's disease associated with EBV
20-24%
44
orginates in the nasopharynx, epithelial cell cancer, and symptoms of facial pain, fullness in sunuses and throat and hearing loss
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
45
Cofactors for EBV neoplasms
genetics and diet
46
Tx: of nasopharyngeal carcinomas
chemotherapy/radiation
47
abnormal proliferation of lymphoid cells in a transplant patient
PTLD
48
PTLD clinical symptoms
fever, fatigue, weight loss, or progressive encephalopathy, benign or malignant tumor
49
major risk factor for PTLD
EBV infection at time of transplant
50
Dx: of PTLD
histological analysis of tissue, detection of EBV genomes
51
Tx: of PTLD
Reduce immunosuppression, treat w/ Rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody), convential chemotherapy
52
Cytomegalovirus causes a mononucleosis that is
heterophile Ab negative
53
babies born to seronegative mothers (CMV) can develop
cytomegalic inclusion disease
54
enveloped, dsDNA, latency in monocyte, viral replication in mucosal epithelium and viremia
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
55
Cytomegalovirus family
Herpesviridae
56
greatest time of transmission from birth mother to baby
viremia
57
Are reactivations symptomatic in CMV in healthy individuals
rarely
58
Transmission of CMV
saliva, breast milk, urine, fomites (short term), sexual contact
59
Dx: of CMV
viral DNA or virus culture from diseased tissue, seroconversion
60
1st CMV Tx:
gancyclovir, valganciclovir
61
converted to viral polylmerase inhibitor by CMV enzymes (iv or oral)
gancyclovir
62
converted to gancyclovir within the body, increased bioavailability (oral)
valganciclovir
63
toxicity of gancyclovir/valganciclovir
bone marrow toxicity, drug-related neutropenia
64
2nd line of defense CMV Tx:
cidofovir, foscarnet
65
direct inhibitor of the CMV polymerase
foscarnet (IV) (renal toxicity)
66
converted to viral polymerase inhibitor by cellular enzymes-more toxic than gancyclovir, given by IV
Cidofovir
67
incubation period of CMV infectious mononucleosis-like illness
20-60 days
68
Symptoms of CMV infectious mononucleosis-like illness
fever, fatigue, pharyngitis, abnormal T cells, no heterophile antibody production
69
5% of congenital CMV infections lead to
Cytomegalic Inclusion Body Disease
70
symptoms of cytomegalic inclusion body disease
hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, petechiae/rash, microcephaly, growth retardation, inguinal hernias, chorioretinitis
71
most common congenital infection in the us
CMV
72
this age group is known for shedding CMV
children
73
Tx: for CMV cytomegalic inclusion disease
maternal treatment with CMV immunoglobulin (under investigation)
74
most common viral pathogen complicating organ transplant
CMV
75
sources of CMV in immunosuppressed populations
transplanted organ, reactivation of latent CMV
76
CMV in immunosuppressed populations is associated with this symptom
spiking fever (100-104F)
77
Transplant recipients usually present with this type of CMV
CMV pneumonitis (fever, hypoxia, interstitial lung infiltrates), GI tract (diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting)
78
increased graft-vs-host rejection is associated with
EBV infection
79
AIDS patients present with this type of CMV
CMV retinitis (blurred vision, floaters, white lesions with irregular necrotic border) (sometimes associated with GI tract/CMV pneumonitis)
80
Dx: CMV retinitis
pupil dilation and opthalmoscope examination
81
Prevention of CMV in AIDS patients
antivirals when reaching a threshold level of CD4+ T-cells (gancyclovir)
82
severe CMV infection in the immunosuppressed Tx:
IV antivirals
83
CMV vaccine will have the greatest impact on CMV morbidity in immunocompetent in
neonates

Microbiology (8 decks)

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