Circulatory/Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What does a circulatory system consist of?

Answer 1

muscular pump (the heart), fluid (blood), and a series of conduits (circulatory vessels)

Question 2

Open Circulatory System

Answer 2

fluid leaves the circulatory system and moves between the cells

Question 3

Closed System

Answer 3

completely contain the fluid in a continuous system of vessels; blood is kept separate from the interstitial fluid; blood is pumped through the vascular system by one or more hearts

Question 4

Advantages of a Closed Circulatory System

Answer 4

faster transport of materials through vessels; blood can be directed to specific tissues by varying resistance (diameter); specialized carrier and transport hormones or nutrients to specific sites

Question 5

Arteries

Answer 5

carry blood AWAY FROM THE HEART and branch into arterioles that feed into capillary beds

Question 6

Capillaries

Answer 6

tiny, thin-walled vessels; site of exchange between blood and tissue fluid

Question 7

Venules

Answer 7

drain the capillary beds and form veins which deliver blood BACK TO THE HEART

Question 8

Artioventricular valves

Answer 8

AV (tri and bicuspid valves) prevent backflow when ventricles contract

Question 9

Pulmonary Semi-lunar Valve and Aortic Semi-lunar Valve

Answer 9

between ventricles and major arteries; prevent backflow when ventricles relax

Question 10

What does the pulmonary circuit consist of?

Answer 10

superior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semi lunar valve, and pulmonary artery

Question 11

What does the systemic circuit consist of?

Answer 11

pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic semi lunar valve, aorta, then the body

Question 12

Pulmonary Arteries

Answer 12

carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 13

Pulmonary Veins

Answer 13

carry oxygenated blood back to the heart

Question 14

Hepatic Portal System

Answer 14

blood directed from digestive system is filtered through the liver

Question 15

Cardiac Cycle

Answer 15

each time the heart beats, the four chambers go through phases of systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation); ventricular contraction is the driving force of for blood circulation

Question 16

Systolic Pressure

Answer 16

is high when the heart expels blood (typically 120)

Question 17

Diastolic Pressure

Answer 17

occurs when the heart ventricles are relaxing (typically 80)

Question 18

When is speed of the blood lowest?

Answer 18

in the capillary beds

Question 19

Intrinsic Control of Heartbeat

Answer 19

the electrical system of the heart; heart contractions are dictated by electrical impulses triggered by signals from the nervous system; the electrical system occurs first, follows by excitation (contraction), followed by relaxation of the muscle

Question 20

Sinoatrial Node

Answer 20

SA node or pacemaker; initiates the heartbeat and causes the atria to contract

Question 21

Where is the SA node located?

Answer 21

In the right atrium, towards the top part

Question 22

Atrioventricular Node

Answer 22

AV node; conveys the stimulus and initiates contraction of the ventricles

Question 23

Where is the AV node located?

Answer 23

In the right atrium, lower down towards the left side closer to the tricuspid valve

Question 24

How/Where does the signal travel from the AV node?

Answer 24

travels through the atrioventricular bundle and to the smaller purkinje fibers

Question 25

Electrocardiogram

Answer 25

ECG; is a recording of the electrical changes that occur in the myocardium (heart muscle) during a cardiac cycle

Question 26

P-Wave

Answer 26

atrial contraction

Question 27

QRS complex

Answer 27

Ventricular contraction

Question 28

T Wave

Answer 28

ventricular repolarization