Circulatory 2

Question 1

Pulse pressure

Answer 1

Difference between systolic and diastolic pressures

Question 2

Pulse pressure does what in vessels farther from the heart?

Answer 2

Widens

Question 3

Mean arterial pressure continuously ___ throughout the circulatory system

Answer 3

Declines

Question 4

Mean arterial pressure is more dependent on which one: systolic or diastolic pressure?

Answer 4

Diastolic pressure; more time is spent in diastole than systole

Question 5

Where is the greatest decrease in arterial pressure?

Answer 5

Across the arterioles

Question 6

Why does the pulse pressure widen in farther from the heart?

Answer 6

Systolic pressure increases and diastolic pressure decreases

Question 7

Four alterations in pressure profile

Answer 7

1. Widened pulse pressure farther from the heart
2. High frequency components are dampened
3. Systolic peak increased and waveform narrowed
4. Late diastolic hump in the waveform

Question 8

Possible causes for the diastolic hump

Answer 8

Reflection at branch points, vascular tapering, or decrease in arterial compliance

Question 9

Three layers of the vessel wall

Answer 9

Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia

Question 10

Tunica intima in the artery wall

Answer 10

Subendothelial connective tissue; internal elastic lamina

Question 11

Tunica media of the artery wall

Answer 11

Smooth muscle cells and external elastic lamina

Question 12

Tunica adventitia of the artery wall

Answer 12

Mostly connective tissue with some smooth muscle cells, vasa vasorum, innervation

Question 13

Tunica intima of the vein wall

Answer 13

Subendothelial connective tissue; NO internal elastic lamina

Question 14

Tunica media in the vein wall

Answer 14

Less smooth muscle cells, NO external elastic lamina

Question 15

Tunica adventitia

Answer 15

Well-developed connective tissue with some smooth muscle cells, with vasa vasorum

Question 16

Main differences between an artery and vein

Answer 16

Artery has elastic lamina, more smooth muscle, and less connective tissue

Question 17

Compliance properties of arterial wall components

Answer 17

Elastic lamina - highest compliance
Smooth muscle - less compliant than elastin, but more compliant than collagen
Collagen - lowest compliance

Question 18

Continuous capillary

Answer 18

Continuous endothelial cells, no fenestrations, tight junctions between cells, continuous basal lamina

Question 19

Where are continuous capillaries found?

Answer 19

In muscle and connective tissues

Question 20

Fenestrated capillaries

Answer 20

Continuous endothelial cells with fenestrations with or without diaphragms and continuous basal lamina

Question 21

Where are fenestrated capillaries?

Answer 21

Found in kidneys and intestines

Question 22

Discontinuous (sinusoidal) capillary

Answer 22

Discontinuous endothelial cells separated by wide spaces, discontinuous basal lamina

Question 23

Where are discontinuous capillaries?

Answer 23

Liver, bone marrow, spleen

Question 24

Wall thickness/lumen diameter ratio

Answer 24

The higher it is, the greater the control of vessel diameter and blood flow

Question 25

Pre-capillary sphincters

Answer 25

Highest ratio and greatest control