circulatory Flashcards
transport
gases, nutrients, metabolic waste, regulatory molecules, processed molecules
protection
inflammation, phagocytosis, antibodies, platelets
regulation
fluid balance, ph, bod temp, blood pressure, exchange blood tissue cells
heart
pumps, routes blood, one way flow, regulate blood supply
protected by rib cage, protective membrane, fluid
fibrous pericardium
tough fibrous outer layer, prevent over distention, acts as anchor, attaches to body
serous pericardium
parietal - lines fibrous outer layer
visceral - covers heart surface
sulci - grooves
in-between chambers
coronary, anterior, posterior
fat
pericardial fat - between visceral and parietal pericardium
epicardial fat - between outer layer myocardium & visceral pericardium
heart wall layer
epicardium - serous membrane, simple squamous epithelium over areolar tissue (fat)
myocardium - cardiac muscle
endocardium - smooth inner surface, simple squamous, covers valves
pectinate & trabeculae muscle
pectinate - muscle ridges in atrial wall
trabecular - muscle ridges in ventricle wall
coronary sinus
bring blood from heart muscles to right atrium
valves
atrioventricular A-V
left - bicuspid
right - tricuspid/ mitral
semilunar - base large vessels ventricles
pulmonary - pulmonary trunk
aortic - aorta
chord tendineae
connect valve cusps to papillary muscle, prevent AV valve bulge into atria
papillary muscles
prevent prolapse of AV valves
type circulation
pulmonary - deoxygenated blood to lung return oxygneated
systemic - oxygenated blood to body return deoxygneated
coronary - supply only the heart
nervous system control
maintain blood pressure – blood flow
reroute blood - increase bp w exercise, injury
hormonal adrenaline - increase HR & SV, vasoconstriction
cardiac conducting system
internal pacemaker & nerve like pathway in myocardium
generate action potential, spread thru conducting system
auto rhythmicity
sinoatrial (SA) node - pacemaker, atrioventricular node (AV), AV bundle, R&L bundle branches, purkinje fibres in ventricular wall
how heart conduct
sinoatrial node creates action potential (cause atriums contract), passes thru to AV node - connects into AV septum, divides into two branches one each side myocardium, AP carried by purkinje fibres
blood composition
cells - RBC WBC
matrix - plasma (water, albumins, globulins (transport protein), fibrinogen - proteins, ions, nutrients, waste product, gases, regulatory substance
fibres - fibren
7.35-7.45 pH
red blood cells
biconcave, non nucleated, no organelles
carries 98.5% of oxygen and 23% of CO2
white blood cells leukocytes
small amount, multiply when infection
various types
complete cells - nuclei & organelles
mainly protection - phagocytosis, immune response
artery types
elastic - large w elastic tissue
muscle - medium w smooth muscle for vasoconstriction
arterioles - lead to capillaries
deep in tissue
veins types
venues, small, medium, large
blood not under pressure, thinner walls, contain less elastic tissue & smooth muscle
closer to surface of skin
blood vessel histology
tunica intima - endothelium, basement membrane, elastic tissue
tunica media - smooth muscle cells - circular, elastic tissue
tunica externa - connective tissue, transition dense to loose as merges with surrounding, nerves, blood supply to blood vessel
capillaries
place gas & nutrient exchange
simple squamous, basement membrane, loose CT. 7.9microns (nearly RBC size)
- continuos - no gap cells, less permeable large molecules
- fenestrated - have pores in cells, allow large molecule pass thru
- sinusoidal - large diameter, irregular incomplete wall cells, less basement membrane GLANDS
capillary exchange
intravascular - extracellular/ interstitial - intracellular
interstitial fluid needs constant turnover
based on conc grad
