cell transport and krebs cycle

Question 1

cholesterol molecules in cell membrane

Answer 1

give rigidity
at regular intervals

Question 2

proteins in the membrane

Answer 2

integral - go the entire way thru (channel protein)
peripheral - located inside or outside

Question 3

lipid bilayer impermeable to

Answer 3

most charged/ polar substances
non lipid soluble

Question 4

permeability factors

Answer 4

solubility in lipids
molecule size
driving force - up/down gradient

Question 5

passive transport
down gradient

Answer 5

thru lipid bilayer - lipid soluble
thru ion channel - water soluble
using a carrier - water soluble

Question 6

lipid soluble

Answer 6

lipids, small alcohols, respiratory gas, urea
conc grad driven

Question 7

across lipid bilayer

Answer 7

need integral membrane proteins
- water, small ions, sugars and amino acids (facilitated diffusion)

Question 8

facilitated diffusion

Answer 8

solute binds to specific transport membrane and is released on other side
glucose out of cell
fructose in cell
depends conc grad an no of transport membrane

Question 9

gated channel protein

Answer 9

specific to ion
selective and specific
open or closed
(neuron)

Question 10

primary vs secondary active transport ***

Answer 10

primary - energy derived directly from atp (metabolic/ atp hydrolysis)
secondary - derived indirectly from atp (transport with Na+ or H+) tag along. glucose and amino acids

Question 11

antiporters and symporters*

Question 12

pinocytosis

Answer 12

engulfing small particles and fluids

Question 13

phagocytosis

Answer 13

engulfing large particles

Question 14

receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 14

into the cell involving the caveolae regions

Question 15

osmosis definition

Answer 15

movement of water from a low solute conc to a high solute conc across a semi permeable membrane (uses aquaporin)

Question 16

osmosis driving forces

Answer 16

osmotic pressure = solute conc
water follows salt

Question 17

tonicity

Answer 17

measure of a solution ability to change volume of cells by altering their water content
hypotonic - cells swell
hypertonic - cells shrink

Question 18

catabolism
anabolism

Answer 18

cata breaks down
and build up

Question 19

atp structure

Answer 19

3 phosphate groups
adenine base
5C sugar / ribose
used for muscle contraction, active transport, movement of structure in cell, nerve conduction

Question 20

energy generation stages

Answer 20

1 everything broken down to monomers
2 monomers degraded to simple key compounds
3 citric acid/ krebs cycle & oxidative phosphorylation

Question 21

carbohydrate metabolism

Answer 21

primarily glucose metabolism
1 glycolysis 2 krebs cycle 3 electron transport chain & oxidative phosphorylation
1 glucose + 6O2 –> 6water + 6 co2 + 36 ATP + heat

Question 22

cellular respiration types

Answer 22

anaerobic - no oxygen - glycolysis
aerobic - oxygen - oxidative phosphorylation

Question 23

cellular respiration process

Answer 23

glycolysis
formation acetyle CoA (mito)

krebs cycle (mito) (aero)
electron transport chain (mito) (aero)

Question 24

glycolysis **

Answer 24

glucose + 2NAD+ +2ADP +2inorganic phosphate –> 2 pyruvic acid + 2NADH2 +2ATP

activate glucose (use 2 atp) create 4 ATP

Question 25

glycolysis steps

Answer 25

1 activate glucose
2 sugar cleavage - 6C sugar split into 2 3C. each has phosphate group
3 oxidation & ATP formation - phosphates split from sugar bond w ADP to form ATP. remaining 3 c are pyruvic acid
if oxygen pyruvic acid to krebs cycle, if not turn into lactic acid