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PHYSIOLOGY > CIRCULATIONS > Flashcards

CIRCULATIONS Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the vessels serves as control
conduits and major sites of resistance of
blood flow?

A

Arterioles

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2
Q

Part of circulation with the highest velocity
of blood flow

A

Arteries

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3
Q

Which plays a significant role in the velocity
of blood flow for a given pressure difference

A

diameter of vessel

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4
Q

When resistance in a circulatory bed is
arranged in parallel to each other, which of
the following will occur?

A. Total resistance will be higher than any
individual resistance in the circuit
B. A decrease in the conductance of blood
flow due to the additional parallel resistance
C. The addition of another parallel resistance
to the circuit will decrease total resistance
D. Total resistance will equal the sum of all
the individual resistance in the circuit

A

C. The addition of another parallel resistance
to the circuit will decrease total resistance

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5
Q

This mechanism refers to the ability of the
vessels to accommodate extra blood volume
or great changes in blood volume bringing
vessel pressures back to normal.

A

b. Delayed Compliance

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6
Q

Which condition/disease causes elevation
of central venous pressure, EXCEPT:

A. Pulmonary Renal Hypertension
B. Left-sided systolic hypertension
C. Right atrial ???
D. Severe chronic renal insufficiency

A

B. Left-sided systolic hypertension

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7
Q

Function of the lymphatic system includes
which of the ff:

A. Control intravascular osmotic pressure
B. Regulate interstitial fluid pressure
C. Adjust intravascular fluid volume
D. All of the above

A

B. Regulate interstitial fluid pressure

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8
Q

What can be something sa given values
Pc = 30 mmHg
Pif = -5mmHg
Πp = 30 mmHg
Πif = 5 mmHg

a. Net filtration
b. Net absorption
c. No fluid movement
d. Movement of water and proteins in
the interstitium

A

a. Net filtration

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9
Q

With the same forces above,
Compute the rate of flow as capillary. Given
Kf, hydrostatic pressure, and osmotic
pressure and both capillary and interstitial
Fluid.

a. 20
b. 15
c. 17.5
d. 5

A

d. 5

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10
Q

Peripheral edema may result from decrease
in
a. Hydrostatic pressure
b. Plasma protein
c. Lymphatic flow
d. Interstitial protein

A

b. Plasma protein

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11
Q

Carbon dioxide regulates blood flow to
which of the following organs?

A. Heart
B. Brain
C. Skeletal Muscle
D. Kidney

A

B. Brain (Co2 and H)

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12
Q

Long-term control of blood flow includes
the following EXCEPT:

A. Increase in size of vessel
B. Change in number of vessels
C. Increase in number of dilated vessels
D. Release of angiogenic factors

A

C. Increase in number of dilated vessels

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13
Q

Blood flow in which organ is primarily
controlled by the sympathetic nervous
system rather than local metabolites?

A. Skin
B. Brain
C. Kidneys
D. Skeletal Muscles

A

A. Skin

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14
Q

Changes in small artery during chronic
increase of arterial BP

A

inward eutrophic remodeling

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15
Q

Peripheral chemoreceptors respond to
which stimuli

A. Decreased co (should increased)
B. Decreased o2
C. Decreased arterial pressure
D. Decreased H ion - (should increased)

A

B. Decreased o2

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16
Q

A drug that can increase arterial pressure
with no effect to cardiac output will result
to:

A. Increased Venous pressure
B. Increased Heart rate
C. Increased Peripheral resistance
D. Increased Mean systemic filling
pressure/volume (not sure if P or V)

A

C. Increased Peripheral resistance

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17
Q

24 y/o male got into a motor vehicular
accident, he sustained major blood loss
and immediately rushed into the ER, he
was awake but hypotensive and
tachycardic. Which of the following
nervous response occurred:

A. Stimulation CNS ischemic responses
B. Inhibition of chemoreceptor response
C. Inhibition of baroreceptor reflex
D. Release of vasoconstrictor substances

A

A. Stimulation CNS ischemic responses

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17
Q

The following are true regarding RAAS
except:

A. Renin is secreted by macula
densa
B. Angiotensinogen 2 directly
stimulates kidney to retain salt and
water
C. Angiotensinogen 2 stimulates
secretion of aldosterone
D. RAAS mantains normal pressure
despite increased intake of salt and
water

A

A. Renin is secreted by macula
densa

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18
Q

A patient has a BP of 140/80, his MAP is:
A. 100 - Correct
B. 110
C. 150
D. 120

A

A. 100 -

MAP = 2DBP x SBP / 3

19
Q

True about the ventral respiratory group of
neurons

A. Actively participates in normal quiet
respiration
B. Electrical stimulation of the said neurons
causes inspiration and expiration
C. Controls the the depth of inspiration
D. Neutralizes low level of pulmonary
ventilation

A

B. Electrical stimulation of the said
neurons causes inspiration and
expiration

20
Q

The ff. statements is/are true about
inspiration
A. There is a more negative pressure
observed in the pleura
B. Lung volume is at its highest at the first
C. Transpulmonary pressure is slightly lower
than during expiration

A

A. There is a more negative pressure
observed in the pleura

21
Q

This/these cells are derived from common
lymphoid progenitor
1. Neutrophil (myeloid)
2. Basophil (myeloid)
3. Eosinophil (myeloid)
4. B cells

A
  1. B cells
22
Q

This “work of breathing” is brought about by
the movement of the inelastic tissues:

A. Compliance Work (elastic)
B. Airway Resistance Work
C. Viscous Resistance Work
D. Elastic Work

A

C. Viscous Resistance Work

23
Q

After forceful expiration, the volume of air
that remains in the lungs is:

a. Inspiratory reserve volume
b. Tidal volume
c. Expiratory reserve volume
d. Residual volume

A

d. Residual volume

24
Q

Which of the following situations present a
zone 1 pulmonary circulation?

a. supine position
b. exercise
c. severe blood loss
d. base of the lung is upright

A

c. severe blood loss

25
Q

Patient hypertensive and has signs of pleural
effusion. Causes of pleural effusion

A. Continuous lymph flow
B. Increased plasma capillary
osmotic pressure
C. High peripheral and pulmonary
capillary pressure
D. Increased plasma colloid osmotic
pressure

A

C. High peripheral and pulmonary
capillary pressure

26
Q

True about the effects of hydrostatic
pressure gradient in the lungs on the
pulmonary regions ?

A. Breathing against a positive air pressure
creates a zone 3 flow
B. Apical systolic & diastolic pulmonary
pressure does not allow intermittent flow
C. Left sided heart failure greatly increases
pulmonary capillary resistance
D. Lung regions above the level of the
heart maintain pulmonary pressure greater
than alveolar pressure at all times

A

C. Left sided heart failure greatly increases
pulmonary capillary resistance

27
Q

Pulmonary edema decreases diffusion by
increasing:

A. Pressure of alveolar gases
B. Gas solubility
C. Surface area of respiratory membrane
D. Thickness of respiratory membrane

A

D. Thickness of respiratory membrane

28
Q

Long term control of blood flow include the following, except:

A. Increase in number of dilated vessels
B. Release of angiogenic factors
C. Change in number of vessels
D. All of the choices
E. Increase in size of vessels

A

A. Increase in number of dilated vessels

29
Q

On a resting individual, which of the following will require the
greatest amount of blood supply from the cardiac output?
A. Kidney
B. Muscle
C. Brain
D. Skin, other tissues

A

A. Kidney

30
Q

A 42-year-old man was rushed to the emergency room because of
sudden loss of consciousness and hypotension. He was complaining
of severe abdominal pains for the past month and had a history of
recurrent peptic ulcers. He was found to have massive internal
bleeding secondary to gastric perforation and was advised
emergency surgery. He was found to have low arterial pressure. In
addition to low MAP, what other findings would you most likely
find?

A. Decreased heart rate
B. Increased cardiac output
C. Decreased total peripheral resistance
D. Decreased venous return

A

D. Decreased venous return

31
Q

A healthy 27- year- old male has an unusual blood pressure of
160/100 mmHg, what would be the normal response to his kidneys

A. No urine output unless diuretic is given
B. Increased thirst and urine intake of water
C. Retention of salt and water
D. Increase pressure natriuresis

A

D. Increase pressure natriuresis

32
Q

Streamline or laminar flow of blood is characterized by which of the
following:
1-Velocity of blood flow increases toward the periphery of the
vessel
2-Concentric layers of blood moving in parallel down the length of a
vessel
3-Resistance to flow is greatest at the center of the tube
4-Each layer of blood slips over the adjacent layer smoothly
A. 1,2, and 3
B. 2 and 4
C. 1 and 3
D. All of the choices

A

B. 2 and 4
2-Concentric layers of blood moving in parallel down the length of a
vessel
4-Each layer of blood slips over the adjacent layer smoothly

33
Q

When resistance in a circulatory bed is arranged in parallel to each
other, which of the following will occur?

A. The addition of another parallel resistance to the circuit
will decrease total resistance
B. Total resistance will equal the sum of all the individual
resistance in the circuit
C. A decrease in the conductance of blood flow due to the
additional parallel resistance
D. Total resistance will be higher than any individual
resistance in the circuit

A

B. Total resistance will equal the sum of all the individual
resistance in the circuit

34
Q

Tendency of blood flow to create eddy currents is directly
proportional to which of the following?
1-Density of blood
2-Characteristic linear dimension
3-Velocity of blood flow
4-Viscosity of blood

A. 1,2 and 3
B. 2 and 4
C. Only 4
D. 1 and 3
E. Only 1

A

A. 1,2 and 3
1-Density of blood
2-Characteristic linear dimension
3-Velocity of blood flow

35
Q

The following is/are the function/s of the lymphatic system:
1 - Control intravascular osmotic pressure
2 - absorbs and transports fatty acids and fats as chyle from the
digestive system
3 - adjusts intravascular fluid volume
4 - regulates interstitial fluid pressure
A. Only 4
B. 1,2 and 3
C. 2 and 4
D. All of the choices
E. 1 and 3

A

C. 2 and 4
2 - absorbs and transports fatty acids and fats as chyle from the
digestive system
4 - regulates interstitial fluid pressure

35
Q

Which of the following circumstances would lead to arteriolar
vasoconstriction?

A. Decrease in H+ concentration
B. Decrease in Ca++ concentration
C. Increase in K+ concentration
D. None of the choices
E. Increase in Mg++ concentration

A

A. Decrease in H+ concentration

36
Q

Which of the following event/s will occur if there is an increased
metabolism in the tissue?

A. Sympathetic stimulation will cause vasodilation to
increase blood flow
B. Heart will increase cardiac output as much as needed to
supply the increase in demand
C. Metarterioles and precapillary sphincters will dilate to
accommodate extra local flow of blood
D. All of the choices

A

C. Metarterioles and precapillary sphincters will dilate to
accommodate extra local flow of blood

37
Q

A vessel has the following forces acting on it:
Pc 33 mmHg, πp 43 mmHg, Pif -3 mmHg, πif 5mmHg
A. Net filtration of fluid
B. No movement of fluid between compartments
C. Net absorption of fluid
D. Movement of water and protein into the interstitium

A

C. Net absorption of fluid

38
Q

Which of the following statements is incorrect with regards to
transmission of pulse pressures?

A. Velocity of pressure pulse transmission is greater in small
arteries compared to aorta
B. Greater damping of pressure pulses with lower vessel
resistances
C. The rising pulse pressure overcomes inertia of blood to
propel wave of pulse pressure towards periphery
D. None of the choices
E. The greater the compliance of the vascular segment, the
slower the velocity of transmission pulses

A

B. Greater damping of pressure pulses with lower vessel
resistances

39
Q

Which of the following segment of systemic circulation confer highest velocity?
A. Arterioles
B. Capillaries
C. Aorta
D. Small veins

A

C. Aorta

40
Q

What is the functional pressure of the capillaries at the arterial side of the circulation?
A. 100 mmHg
B. 0 mmHg
C. 35 mmHg
D. 17 mmHg

A

C. 35 mmHg

41
Q

This mechanism is based on the sudden stretch of small blood vessels cause the smooth muscles of the vessel wall to contract

A. Baroreceptor reflex
B. Active hyperemia
C. Bainbridge reflex
D. Myogenic mechanism

A

D. Myogenic mechanism

42
Q

Patient with chronically increased total peripheral resistance but normal renal function

A. Decreased arterial pressure (AP)
B. Normal AP
C. Increased AP
D. No effect on AP

A

C. Increased AP

43
Q
  1. How does increased fluid volume directly
    increase arterial pressure?
    A. Increasing total peripheral resistance
    B. Decreasing urine output
    C. Increasing cardiac output
    D. Stimulating increase retention of salt
A

C. Increasing cardiac output

44
Q

A hypertensive patient with a BP of 160/70 has a mean arterial pressure of
A. 100 mmHg
B. 105 mmHg
C. 110 mmHg
D. 120 mmHg

A

A. 100 mmHg

45
Q
A

PHYSIOLOGY (3 decks)

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