Circulation of the CNS Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the circle of Willis?

A

Vertebro-basilar system and internal carotid system.

These anastomose to form a circle which allows blood to reach the brain if one is damaged.

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2
Q

What is the origin of the circle of Willis?

A

Internal carotid artery in the carotid canal and vertebral artery travelling in the transverse foramina and foramen magnum.

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3
Q

What does the internal carotid artery travel in?

A

Carotid canal

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4
Q

What does the vertebral artery travel in?

A

Transverse foramina and foramen magnum

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5
Q

What are the main branches of the circle of Willis?

A

Anterior cerebral artery

Middle cerebral artery

Posterior cerebral artery

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6
Q

What is the point of anastomoses between the anterior cerebral arteries?

A

Anterior communicating artery

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7
Q

What does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

A

Medial part of frontal and parietal lobes.

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8
Q

Which functional territories does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

A

Motor and sensory cortices for lower limb

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9
Q

What are the 2 branches off the anterior cerebral artery?

A

Pericallosal branch

Callosomarginal branch

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10
Q

What does the middle cerebral artery supply?

A

Lateral surface of brain, including parts of frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes and insula.

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11
Q

Which functional territories does the middle cerebral artery supply?

A

Motor and sensory cortices for most of the body (except lower limb)

Parieto-occipital association areas

Language areas (on dominant side)

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12
Q

What does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

A

Medial and inferior surfaces of temporal and occipital lobes

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13
Q

Which functional territories does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

A

Visual cortex

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14
Q

What do the small perforating branches off the circle of Willis supply?

A

Deep structures where they come off main arteries

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15
Q

What do perforating branches off the anterior circle of Willis supply?

A

Optic chiasm

Anterior hypothalamus

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16
Q

What do the lenticulostriate arteries supply?

A

Basal ganglia

Internal capsule

17
Q

What do small perforating branches off the posterior circle of Willis supply?

A

Ventral midbrain

Posterior hypothalamus

Thalamus

18
Q

What do the pontine branches supply?

A

Ventral pons

19
Q

Where does the opthalmic artery arise from?

A

Internal carotid artery just before the circle of Willis

20
Q

What does the ophthalmic artery supply?

A

Passes into orbit:

Eye (including retina)

Top of nasal cavity

Frontal scalp

21
Q

Where does the anterior choroidal artery arise from?

A

Internal carotid artery just before the circle of Willis (moving posteriorly)

22
Q

What does the anterior choroidal artery supply?

A

Structures in deep lateral hemispheres:

Optical tract

Lateral ventricles

Hippocampus

23
Q

Which arteries comprise the vertebro-basilar system brainstem arteries?

A

Posterior cerebral artery

Superior cerebellar artery

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Vertebral artery

Anterior spinal artery

24
Q

What do the superior cerebellar arteries supply?

A

Superior cerebellum

25
What does the posterior inferior cerebellar artery supply?
Posterior and inferior cerebellum
26
What does the anterior inferior cerebellar artery supply?
Anterior inferior cerebellum
27
What gives rise to the basilar artery?
Anterior spinal artery and vertebral artery
28
What supplies the midbrain?
Posterior cerebral artery Superior cerebellar artery
29
Which arteries supply the pons?
Basilar branches: paramedian short and long circumferential arteries
30
What supplies the medulla?
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery Vertebral artery Anterior spinal artery
31
What is medial medullary syndrome?
Cerebrovascular accident associated with anterior spinal artery affecting the medial medulla: Pyramids (corticospinal tract) - contralateral hemiparesis (UPM) Medial lemniscus - contralateral somatosensory hemideficit Hypoglossal nucleus - ipsilateral paralysis and atrophy of tongue (LMN)
32
Which arteries supply the spine?
Anterior and posterior spinal arteries joined by circumferential arteries
33
What gives rise to anterior and posterior spinal arteries?
Segmental branches of aorta, e.g. intercostal or lumbar arteries
34
How is blood drained from the brain?
Cerebral veins run in sub-arachnoid space and drain into a series of sinuses Each venous sinus is a space between two layers of dura
35
What can cross the blood-brain barrier?
Gases and some lipid soluble substances can diffuse across these barriers, and glucose and important amino acids are actively transported across the barriers