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Biology > Circulation > Flashcards

Circulation Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Circulation is so important in higher organisms that if the heart stops beating ____ will occur

A

Death

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1
Q

Multicellular organisms rely on ____ _____ to bring nutrients to and take wastes away from

A

Circulatory system

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2
Q

Circulatory system consists of the ___ and ______

A

Heart and blood vessels

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3
Q

The heart is a four chambered organ that is made up of mostly ____ that allows it too contract and relax, pumping blood to our blood vessels

A

Muscles ( cardiac)

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4
Q

The _____ ______ are used to transport the blood from the heart to the tissues and then back to the heart

A

Blood vessels

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5
Q

_____ _______ carry blood from the heart to the tissues ( arteries and arterioles) and then back to the heart ( veins and venules)

A

Blood vessels

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6
Q

_____ connect the arterioles to venules, and exchange material with the tissues

A

Capillaries

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7
Q

Arteries carry blood _____ from the heart

A

Away

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8
Q

Veins carry blood _____ the heart

A

Towards

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9
Q

Most arteries contain ____ blood

A

Oxygenated

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10
Q

Most veins carry ____ blood

A

Deoxygenated

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11
Q

What are the two exceptions?

A

Pulmonary and umbilical arteries- deoxygenated blood away

Pulmonary and umbilical veins - oxygenated blood towards the heart

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12
Q

What are the three types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries/ arterioles
Veins/ venules
Capillaries

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13
Q

Arteries carry blood ____ the heart

A

Away

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14
Q

Arteries are thick walled they have ___ layers

A

3

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15
Q

Arteries layers are made of ___ ___ elastic figures and supporting tissue

A

Smooth muscle

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16
Q

Middle layer is composed of ____ and gives the arteries ____ and allows them to _____ and dialate

A

Muscle

Contract

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17
Q

The elastic fibres in arteries allow them to ____ and _____ or pulse

A

Stretch

Contract

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18
Q

Relating to arteries connects to arteries/arterioles which lead to capillaries

A

Arterial

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19
Q

Hardening of the arteries

A

Arteriosclerosis/ atherosclerosis

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20
Q

Related to do with atrium and ventricle

A

Atrioventricular

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21
Q

One of two blood collection chambers in the heart

A

Atrium/atria

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22
Q

A collection of blood vessels -to fill tissue or organ

A

Capillary bed

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23
Q

A complete heartbeat

A

Cardiac cycle

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24
Q

Transverse cut through a structure or tissue

A

Cross sectional area

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25
Q

Part of cardiac cycle when the heart refills with blood-relaxed

A

Diastole

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26
Q

Minimum arterial pressure during relaxation

A

Diastolic blood pressure

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27
Q

Liver/ relating to liver

A

Hepatic

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28
Q

When blood flow stops ( heart)

A

Heart attack

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29
Q

High blood pressure

A

Hypertension

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30
Q

Low blood pressure

A

Hypotension

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31
Q

Natural heartbeat

A

Intrinsic heartbeat

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32
Q

Muscular tissue of heart

A

Myocardium

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33
Q

Placed in chest or abdomen to control abnormal heart rhythms

A

Pacemaker

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34
Q

Organ that connects to developing fetus to uterine wall

A

Placenta

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35
Q

Carries deoxygenated blood away from heat for nutrients and circulated back to lungs

A

Pulmonary circulation

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36
Q

Arterial palpitation

A

Pulse

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37
Q

Kidney

A

Renal

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38
Q

Blood flow stops in brain

A

Stroke

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39
Q

Carries oxygenated blood away from heart (left side)

A

Systematic circulation

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40
Q

Period of contraction of ventricles in heart , contracts

A

Systole

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41
Q

The highest pressure when heart beats

A

Systolic blood pressure

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42
Q

Body/ bodies network of blood vessels

A

Vascular

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43
Q

Deoxygenate blood from peripheral vessels through venous system

A

Venous veins

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44
Q

Arteries branch into ___ which are smaller branches of arteries

A

Arterioles

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45
Q

Veins carry blood ______ the heart

A

Towards

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46
Q

Venules drain blood from the ________ and the join to form a vein

A

Capillaries

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47
Q

Veins have no thick middle layer of ____ or ______muscle, therefore they have no _______

A

Elastin, smooth, no blood pressure

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48
Q

Veins have _____ which allow blood to flow only _____ the heart when they are open

A

Valves, towards

49
Q

The valves in veins prevent ______ of blood when they are closed

A

Back flow

50
Q

—– muscle contractions along the ______ help return the blood back to the heart

A

Skeletal, valves

51
Q

______branch from the arteries into a network of vessels that increase the —–

A

Capillaries , surface area

52
Q

They are a network of very narrow vessels that are used for exchange of —– and _______

A

Nutrients , wastes

53
Q

What is nutrients made out of in circulation

A

O2 and glucose

54
Q

Waste in circulTion

A

Co2 and nh3

55
Q

Capillaries are only ___ _____ layer thick to allow for optimal diffusion and transport across the wall

A

One cell

56
Q

Capillaries have ______ muscles which encircle the entrance to each capillary so that blood flow to different areas of the body can be controlled at any one side

A

Sphincter

57
Q

Pulmonary circulation is the blood flow to and from the ____, it takes place on the -____ side of the heart

A

Lungs, right

58
Q

Systematic circulation takes place to and from the —- and is on the —– side of the heart

A

Body , left

59
Q

The aorta is a major ___

A

Artery

60
Q

The vena cava is a major

A

Vein

61
Q

Arteries are ______

A

Oxygenated

62
Q

Veins are _____

A

Deoxygenated

63
Q

What are the major arteries

A

Aorta (ascending and descending) carotid, pulmonary, subclavian, renal , iliac , coronary, mesentary

64
Q

What are the major veins

A

Vena cava ( superior and inferior) jugular, pulmonary, subclavian , renal,iliac, coronary , hepatic portal

65
Q

Top part of heart -

A

Right and left atrium

66
Q

Bottom part of heart-

A

Right and left ventricles

67
Q

Artery From the heart and branches into all other major arterys

A

Aorta (descending and ascending)

68
Q

Artery from the heart to the head

A

Carotid

69
Q

Artery that is deoxygenated from the heart to the lungs

A

Pulmonary

70
Q

Artery from the heart to arms

A

Subclavian

71
Q

Artery from the heart to kidneys

A

Renal

72
Q

Artery from the heart to legs

A

Illiac

73
Q

Arteries from the heart to the heart muscle

A

Coronary

74
Q

Artery from the heart to small intestines

A

Mesentary

75
Q

Vein from the bodies major veins to the heart

A

Vena cava inferior and superior

76
Q

Vein from head to heart

A

Jugular

77
Q

Deoxygenated Vein from lung to heart

A

Pulmonary

78
Q

Vein from the arms to the heart

A

Subclavian

79
Q

Vein from the kidneys to the heart

A

Renal

80
Q

Vein from the legs to the heart

A

Iliac

81
Q

Vein from the heart muscle to the heart

A

Coronary

82
Q

Vein from the small intestine to the liver

A

Hepatic portal vein

83
Q

The heart is a very muscular organ about the size of a ____

A

Fist

84
Q

The ______ is the major portion of the heart and is composed of ____ muscle

A

Myocardium

85
Q

The heart is covered by the _____

A

Pericardium

86
Q

The pericardium is composed of

A

Epithelial and fibrous tissues

87
Q

The pericardium forms the ______ sac and _____the heart and is filled with _____ liquid

A

Pericardial, encloses, lubricating

88
Q

The heart acts as two separate pumps: the right side is the —– side and pumps blood to the ___

A

Pulmonary, lungs

89
Q

The left side is _______ and pumps blood to the rest of the _______

A

Systematic, body

90
Q

A thick wall called the ____ separates the two sides

A

Septem

91
Q

The left ventricle is the —- part of the heart

A

Strongest

92
Q

Deoxygenated and oxygenated blood never ___

A

Mix

93
Q

The heartbeat has two phases ____ contractions and _____ contractions

A

Atrial and ventricle

94
Q

The heart beat is_____because the heart beats without nerves telling it what to do

A

Intrinsic

95
Q

The ____ sends out automatic signals to make the —– contract

A

As node, Atria

96
Q

The ____ receives the signal from the sa node and sends signal along special fiberes called the ____

A

Av node, av bundle

97
Q

——- send electrical signal to ventricles causing them to contract

A

Purkinje fibres

98
Q

The heart rate is how many _____ per ____

A

Beat , minute

99
Q

The heart rate is controlled by the ——- system

A

Nervous

100
Q

The medulla obolongata is the control center for the heart this can —- up or ________ —- the heart rate

A

Speed up , slow down

101
Q

What are the factors that affect the heart rate

A

Stress, oxygen levels, and blood pressure

102
Q

A pulse is the _____ and ______ of an arterial wall.

A

Expanding and recoiling

103
Q

Systolic blood pressure is the ______ arterial pressure occurs when —-

A

Highest, contracting

104
Q

Diastole is the ___ pressure occurs when ____

A

Lowest , relaxing

105
Q

What is used to measure blood pressure

A

Sphygmomanometer / blood pressure cuff

106
Q

There are two sides of capillaries what are they

A

Arteriole and venous

107
Q

Blood pressure try’s to _____ molecules ______ the blood

A

Push, out

108
Q

Osmotic pressure try’s to —– molecules _____ blood

A

Push , into

109
Q

Osmotic pressure is ______

A

Constant

110
Q

Blood pressure ____ around a capillary bed

A

Varies

111
Q

Arterial side of capillaries , the ____ is _____ than the somatic pressure

A

Blood pressure , Higher

112
Q

On the arterial side of the capillary O2 and a.a tend to ______ the blood in a process called ______ large substance ______

A

Leave , diffusion, stay

113
Q

On the venous side of a capillary the ___ is ___ than the somatic pressure

A

Blood pressure, lower

114
Q

On the venous side, things tend to. ____ the blood due to. _____ —— pressure.

A

Enter , low osmotic pressure.

115
Q

Osmotic pressure is caused by _____ ______ _______ found in blood

A

Salt, plasma protein

116
Q

Hypertension is ____

A

High blood pressure

117
Q

Hypotension is ____

A

Low blood pressure

118
Q

What are some circulatory diseases and disorders?

A

Hypotension , hypertension, atherosclerosis, stroke, heart attack, thrombus, embolus, varicose veins, hemorrhoid, phlebitis

119
Q

A fetus gets all of its oxygen and nutrients through the_____

A

Umbilical cord

Biology (4 decks)

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