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Gross Anatomy > Circulation > Flashcards

Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

what happens to the blood flow if you have a disease of lung condition (COPD, pulmonary hypertension)

A

blood gets trapped in the right atrium and it becomes larger

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2
Q

what is blood pressure measured in

A

systolic/diastolic

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3
Q

what might be a sign during a blood pressure reading that someone has a lung or circulation problem

A

the diastolic number will be very high

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4
Q

what are the 3 most common medications for people over the age of 55

A

Lasix, BP medications, and Digitalis

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5
Q

what are the (R&L) atrium

A

chambers in which blood enters the heart from the body

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6
Q

how many chambers does the heart have

A

4, 2 atrium and 2 ventricles

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7
Q

what are the (R&L) ventricles

A

large chambers that collect blood received from the atrium and pump it back to the body

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8
Q

what are the two atrioventricular valves

A

bicuspid and tricuspid

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9
Q

what do the atrioventricular valves do

A

small valves that prevent back flow from the ventricles into the atrium during systole

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10
Q

what are the two semilunar valves

A

aortic and pulmonary

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11
Q

what do the semilunar valves do

A

they permit blood to be forced into the artiums, but prevent back flow of blood from the artiums to the ventricles

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12
Q

where are the semilunar valves located

A

at the base of the pulmonary trunk and the aorta

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13
Q

what is the aorta

A

distributes oxygenated blood to all parts of the body through systemic circulation (largest artery in the body)

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14
Q

what does the pulmonary trunk do

A

branches into (R&L) pulmonary arteries, carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

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15
Q

what do the pulmonary veins do

A

carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium (4 total, 2 in each lung)

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16
Q

what is cardiopulmonary circulation

A

oxygen depleted blood is pumped away from the heart via the pulmonary artery to the lungs and returned oxygenated to the heart via the pulmonary vein

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17
Q

what is myocardium

A

the muscular tissue of the heart (middle layer)

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18
Q

what is epicardium

A

outer layer of the heart tissue (outside surface of the heart)

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19
Q

what is endocardium

A

the innermost layer of the heart, lines the chamber

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20
Q

what is pericardium

A

double walled sac containing the heart and roots of the great vessels

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21
Q

what is a myocardial infarction

A

a heart attack

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22
Q

what is the pleural cavity

A

the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura

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23
Q

where is the visceral pleura

A

covers the lungs

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24
Q

where is the parietal pleura

A

lining the outside of the lung and visceral

25
Q

why do the visceral and parietal pleura secrete a lubricant

A

so the lungs can rolls over the pleura and not get suck as they inflate/deflate

26
Q

what is the bronchi (bronchus)

A

passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs, branches into smaller tubes

27
Q

what is the mediastinum

A

the ares between the lungs (anatomical region)

28
Q

what is the diaphragm

A

a sheet of skeletal muscle that extends across the bottom of the rib cage, flattens to increase the volume on inhale

29
Q

what is the phrenic nerve

A

originates in C3-C5, passes down between the lungs and heart and extends to the diaphragm

30
Q

what is pleural pneumonia

A

fluid between the visceral and parietal pleura

31
Q

what is bronchial pneumonia

A

fluid inside the lungs (cough stuff up)

32
Q

what is the tunica intima

A

surrounds the lumen (endothelial layer)

33
Q

what is arterial sclerosis

A

inflammation of the endothelial layer of the tunica intima- plaque, calcium, cholesterol builds up

34
Q

what is the tunica media

A

the muscle layer (smooth muscle), changes the diameter of the lumen

35
Q

do both veins and arteries have a tunica media

A

yes, it is thinner in veins

36
Q

what is the tunica adventitia

A

the outer supporting layer (primarily collagen) that holds the shape

37
Q

what is the lumen

A

the space in the middle of an artery or vein

38
Q

is the lumen flat or open

A

it is a potential space and veins are flat when empty

39
Q

where are valves located in arteries and veins

A

none in arteries, only certain veins have them to help with venous return

40
Q

what arteries are elastic arteries

A

aorta, pulmonary trunk, subclavians and brachiocephalic

41
Q

what are elastic arteries

A

located in the larger arteries to increase blood flow, pushes blood out with an extra kick as it leaves the heart

42
Q

what are muscular arteries

A

they get big and small, control blood pressure and where blood is going in the body

43
Q

which arteries are muscular

A

the rest of the arteries that are not elastic

44
Q

what are arterioles

A

smaller arteries that extend and branch out from an artery to a capillary (no adventitia layer)

45
Q

what are venules

A

very small blood vessels that allow blood to return from the capillary beds to the larger veins

46
Q

what are capillaries

A

the smallest blood vessels, connect arterioles and venules

47
Q

how many layers do capillaries have

A

only 1 layer (endothelium and basal lamina)

48
Q

what is the purpose of capillaries

A

designed to leak tissue fluid through fenestrations between and in the cells (leaves the blood cells and larger proteins behind)

49
Q

what are capillary beds

A

an interweaving network of capillaries that supply an organ, opened and closed with sphincters

50
Q

where are tight junctions located in capillaries

A

where there needs to be a barrier (no fenestrations) blood brain barrier, blood placenta barrier

51
Q

what are the sphincters called that open and close capillary beds

A

precapillary sphincters

52
Q

what is the 3 basic layer structure of an artery and vein

A

tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia

53
Q

how much of the body can receive blood at one time

A

40%

54
Q

how much fluid is circulating in the body

A

8 liters

55
Q

how much of the total fluid in the body is blood

A

5 liters

56
Q

how much of the total fluid in the body is circulating as tissue fluid

A

3 liters

57
Q

what is the lymphatic system for

A

to recycle tissue fluid and put it back into the subclavians

58
Q

where are lymph nodes located

A

wherever there is drainage, drains into the upper veins and gets recycled

59
Q

why does someone have edema or kidney failure

A

improper fluid circulation (lymphatic problem)

Gross Anatomy (3 decks)

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