Circadian Rhythms Flashcards
Zeitgeber
- ZT0 vs ZT12
- Types (6)
12
41
Period (PER) gene accumulates in nucleus when?
16
Transcription translation feedback loop (TTFL)
- Core and auxiliary feedback loop genes
Core feedback loop:
- BMAL1, CLOCK, PER, CRY, CK1
Auxiliary feedback loop:
- REV-ERB, ROR
19
Core feedback loop process (4 steps)
- BMAL1, CLOCK, PER, CRY, CK1
Auxiliary loop process (3 steps)
- BMAL1, CLOCK, REV-ERB, ROR
20-24
25-27
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN
- Region of what + found where
- Arginine vasopressin (AVP+) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP+) location
33
34
Knock-in mouse experiment by fusing mPER2 fused to luciferase bioluminescence reporter (PERIOD2:LUCIFERASE)
- Synapses connected vs isolated
36-40
Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs)
Melanopsin
- Retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) + types of signalling (2)
- Genes produced from action potentials + causes glutamatergic or gabaergic signal?, SCN sends inhibitory GABAergic efferents
44
Glutamate (ionotropic signaling)
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) (GPCR signaling)
46-48
PER1 and PER2
49
Pineal gland
- Location in brain/skull
- Reptiles and avian species use what receptors in gland
- What light can penetrate skull
- Secretes what
52
Melatonin produced from what
- Secreted in what kind of light
53
Melatonin pathway from from ipRGC to kidney
RHT
SCN
PVN
SCG
PG - Melatonin produced
Liver - Melatonin broken down
Kidney
54
Melatonin signals thru what receptors
- What do they do
- Are they monomers or heterodimers?
- What receptor does pars tuberalis (PT) of pituitary gland express
55
57
Short day vs long day breeders
- Depends on what
- cAMP mediates interaction between what
- Increasing Per1 expression increases what secretion
58
59
Long photoperiod (Summer) vs Short photoperiod (Winter)
- Melatonin impact; TSHbeta increase causes what
60-61
