Appetite Regulation Flashcards
Islets of langerhans
- When they first appear in species
- Cells (Alpha, beta, delta, pancreatic polypeptide cells (y/F cells$), epsilon cells) + what they secrete
4
5 -hafish, lamprey
7
Insulin
- Activated by what
- Sensed by what
8
Insulin secretion via glucose
- Transporter
- Steps
- Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) and incretin receptors amplify what
- What amplifies effect
9
Ways insulin can regulate (5)
13
Glucagon role
- Released from what
- How it’s activated
- Targets (2)
- Signalling cascade
14
15
16
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)
UNC3
18
Type 1 vs type 2 diabetes
Ozempic
19
Insulin acts to inhibit glucose production by (4)
20
Hypoglycemia
- Pancreas vs Adrenals
- Negative feedback
21
22
Hormones associated with calcium metabolism:
- Calcitonin
- Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
- Vitamin D
- Where they’re released, when, what they cause (blood calcium level regulation)
26
27
Vitamin D
- What id it
- Organs involved
- Outcomes (4)
28
Primary neurons in the ARC:
- Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons
- POMC containing neurons
(Orecigenic or anorexigenic)
PC2 can produce proteins with what?
34
Ghrelin stimulates what neurons
- Results w/ NPY + AgRP and POMC
35
Stimulatory feeding circuits:
- Hippocampus, amygdala
- Lateral hypothalamus (orexins, melanin concentrating hormone/MCH)
- Arcuate nucleus
- Nervus vagus, nucleus if the solitary tract (NTS)
- Locus coeruleus (LC)
—
CRF and GAL in PVN
-> Nucleus accumbens effect
36
40
Weight loss (lower adipose tissue) = Leptin amount?
Weight gain?
41
