Ciprofloxacin* Flashcards
Trade name
Cipro
Generic name
Ciprofloxacin*
What is it used for?
PO, IV: Treatment of the following infections: Skin and skin structure infections, Bone and joint infections, Complicated intra-abdominal infections (with metronidazole), Urinary tract infections (UTs) (should be used for acute uncomplicated cystitis only when there are no other alternative treatment options), Chronic bacterial prostatitis, Lower respiratory tract infections (should be used for acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis only when there are no other alternative treatment options), Acute bacterial sinusitis (should be used only when there are no other alternative treatment options).
Postexposure prophylaxis of inhalational anthrax.
Treatment and prophylaxis of plague.
PO: Treatment of the following infections: Infectious diarrhea, Typhoid fever, Uncomplicated cervical and urethral gonorrhea.
IV: Treatment of the following infections: Nosocomial pneumonia, Febrile neutropenia (with piperacillin/tazobactam).
Class of drug
anti-infectives
Pharmacologic: fluoroquinolones
Usual dosage
PO (Adults): 500-750 mg every 12 hr for 7-14 days.
IV (Adults): 400 mg every 8-12 hr for 7-14 days.
How administered
P.O, IV
CONTRAINDICATIONS/PRECAUTIONS
Contraindicated in: Hypersensitivity (cross-sensitivity within class may exist); History of myasthenia gravis (may worsen symptoms including muscle weakness and breathing problems); Concurrent use with tizanidine; Patients with or at increased risk for aortic aneurysm (use only if no alternatives); Lactation: Lactation (for all indications other than anthrax); Pedi: Use only if no alternatives in children 1-17 yr due to possible arthropathy.
Use Cautiously in: Known or suspected CNS disorder; Renal impairment; Concurrent use of corticosteroids (increased risk of tendinitis/tendon rupture); Kidney, heart, or lung transplant patients (increase risk of tendinitis/tendon rupture); Patients with history of or at risk for QT interval prolongation; OB: Use during pregnancy only if potential maternal benefit outweighs potential fetal risk; Lactation: Can be used while breastfeeding for postexposure prophylaxis of anthrax if potential maternal benefit justifies potential risk to infant; Geri: increased risk of adverse reactions in older adults.
Adverse effects
CV: AORTIC ANEURYSM/DISSECTION, myocardial ischemia. Derm: photosensitivity, rash. Endo: hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia. Gl: diarrhea, nausea, increased liver enzymes, abdominal pain, CLOSTRIDIOIDES DIFFICILE-ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA (CDAD), HEPATOTOXICITY. GU: vaginitis. Hemat: eosinophilia. Local: phlebitis at IV site. MS: arthralgia, myalgia, tendinitis, tendon rupture. Neuro: increase INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE (including pseudotumor cerebri), agitation, confusion, depression, dizziness, drowsiness, hallucinations, headache, insomnia, nightmares, paranoia, peripheral neuropathy, SEIZURES, SUICIDAL THOUGHTS, toxic psychosis, tremor. Misc: HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS (including anaphylaxis).
Nursing Considerations:
• Assess for signs and symptoms of particular infection at beginning of and throughout therapy.
• Obtain specimens for culture and sensitivity before initiating therapy. First dose may be given before receiving results.
• Observe for signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis (rash, pruritus, laryngeal edema, wheezing). Discontinue drug and provide appropriate medical care if symptoms occur. Keep epinephrine, antihistamine, and resuscitation equipment close by in case of an anaphylactic reaction.
• Monitor bowel function. Diarrhea, abdominal cramping, fever, and bloody stools should be reported to health care professional promptly as a sign of CDAD.
May begin up to several wk following cessation of therapy.
Lab Test Considerations
• May cause increase serum AST, ALT, LDH, bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase. Discontinue ciprofloxacin immediately if hepatitis occurs.
• May cause increase or decrease serum glucose.
