cinque

Question 2

What is this? What is it useful for?

Answer 2

Self-inflatable bag valve mask
Useful for delivering high levels of O2 even at low flow rates

Question 3

How much oxygen can a bag valve mask deliver?

Answer 3

100% oxygen at >10L/min

Question 4

What is this?

Answer 4

Shouldered syringe

Question 5

What is a shouldered syringe used for?

Answer 5

Injection of haemorrhoids with 5% phenol in almond oil

Injection aided by protoscope
Performed above dentate line as it is insensitive

Question 6

What is this? What is it made of and used for?

Answer 6

Silastic Urinary Catheter
Made of silicone
More appropriate than latex for long term catheterisation

has a silicone coating that helps reduce calcification build-up.

Question 7

What is this?

Answer 7

Single lumen central venous catheter
Used for measuring central venous pressure + administration of drugs

Question 8

Recall 3 drugs/ drug classes that need to be inserted via a central line

Answer 8

Amiodarone
Chemotherapy
Dopamine

Question 9

What are these?

Answer 9

Specimen swabs
Bluetop: recover aerobes, anaerobes + fastidious organisms

Question 10

What are these?

Answer 10

Spinal needles

Question 11

What are these each used for?

Answer 11

Top: Traumatic needle “cutting” for epidural.
Higher risk post-LP headaches/ severe headaches that may require blood patching

Bottom: ‘pencil top’ (atraumatic) needle ; blunt tipped, allow for blunt dissection rather than cutting. Needle of choice for LP as much lower risk of post-LP headache + backache

Question 12

What is this and how is it used?

Answer 12

Stiff neck cervical collar

Used in conjunction with 2 sand bags + tape to immobilise neck in trauma patients (triple immobilisation)

Question 13

How are stiff neck cervical collars sized?

Answer 13

By measuring the number of fingers from the clavicle to the angle of the mandible
This is then compared to the measuring peg on the stiff neck collar

Question 14

What is this? Recall 3 associated procedures

Answer 14

Stoma bag; collects waste from surgically diverted bowel
Ileostomy, colostomy or ileal conduit

Question 15

What is this? When is it used?

Answer 15

Surgical chest drain
(Thoracostomy)

Used as emergency procedure

Question 16

Give 5 indications for a surgical chest drain

Answer 16

Pneumothorax
Malignant pleural effusion
Empyema
Traumatic pneumo-/ haemothorax
Peri-operative

Question 17

What is this?

Answer 17

Swan-Ganz catheter

Question 18

What can Swan Ganz catheters be used to measure?

Answer 18

Pressures in heart
Pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP)
Cardiac output

Used in intensive care setting

Question 19

What is this? What is it used for?

Answer 19

Synthetic absorbable suture
Used for bowel anastomosis or tying off vessels

Question 20

What are these? In which patients should they be used?

Answer 20

TED Stocking
(Thromboembolic deterrent)
Used in all patients undergoing surgery + those who are immobile to prevent DVTs

Used in conjunction with low dose SC heparin

Question 21

In which patients are TEDS contraindicated?

Answer 21

Patients with arterial disease of the lower limb

Question 22

What is this? What type of airway does this provide?

Answer 22

Tracheostomy
Definitive airway as protects lungs from aspiration

Question 23

Give 3 benefits/ uses of tracheostomies

Answer 23

Allow more efficient ventilation with decreased dead space
More effective suctioning of airways
Can be used in upper airway obstruction/ after laryngeal surgery

Question 24

What is this?

Answer 24

Triple lumen central venous catheter

Question 25

What is this and what is it used for?

Answer 25

Trucut needle
Used to take histological specimens from lesions
Can be performed under LA

Question 26

What are these?

Answer 26

Urinary catheters
LHS: Long-term, usually silicone (up to 3 months)
Centre: Foley, short-term (up to 28 days)
RHS: three-way

Question 27

What is this and what is it used for?

Answer 27

Three way catheter
Used in haematuria for bladder washout + irrigation
Larger diameter required due to containing 3 lumens

Question 28

What is this? What does each element indicate?

Answer 28

Urine dip + universal sterile container
Blood: microscopic/ macroscopic haematuria
Protein: Renal disease
Nitrites: Active infection
Leukoyctes: Inflammatory processes
Glucose: Diabetes
Ketones: DKA
BR + Urobilinogen: Haemolysis + liver pathology

Question 29

What urine dip results warrant sending for MC+S?

Answer 29

Positive Nitrites + Leukocytes

Question 30

What urine dip results warrant sending for urine protein : creatinine ratio?

Answer 30

Positive blood + protein

Question 31

What is this and what is it used for?

Answer 31

Urometer drainage bag
Measures urine output
Used furing surgery, post-op + to monitor fluid status

Question 32

What is this? What does it do?

Answer 32

Venturi mask and valves
Delivers 24-60% O2
Flow rate varies depending on colour

Question 33

Recall the flow rate and % oxygen for each venturi valve (blue, white, yellow, red + green)

Answer 33

BLUE = 2-4 L/min = 24% O2
(Blue rhymes with two, 2-4L –> 24%)

WHITE = 4-6L/min = 28% O2
(White = 5 letters = 4-6L/min)

YELLOW = 8-10L/min = 35% O2
(Yellow is a happy colour= on cloud 9= 8-10L/min)

–RED = 10-12L/min = 40% O2
(Red = colour of raspberries = 11 letters = 10-12L/min)

GREEN = 12-15L/min = 60% O2
(Green rhymes with fifteen)

Question 34

In what clinical scenario are venturi masks often used?

Answer 34

In COPD where it is important not to over-oxygenate the patient

Question 35

VAC drain?

Answer 35

Drain to prevent blood and fluid collecting. following an operation.