Ciaire's Personal MCAT Deck

Question 1

Bio Lecture 5

remember renal medulla very salty

Answer 1

meaning lots of salt ion reabsorption happening here*

Question 2

Bio Lecture 5

descending limb

Answer 2

reabsorbs water* mainly water coming in here, no ions reasborbed at this point it is IMPERMEABLE TO IONS*

Question 3

Bio Lecture 5

ascending limb

Answer 3

does exact opposite, here reasborb things like Na, Cl, K and this part is IMPERMEABLE TO WATER

no water will be reabsorbed here in ascending limb*** becuase of this great system that occurs

Question 4

Bio Lecture 5

countercurrent multiplication

Answer 4

call countercurrent because ascending limb and descending limb go in different directions

multiplication means= when reabsorb ions make medulla salty by not reabsorbing water, drives water to be reabsorbed passively/ allows water to be reabsorbed passively in descending limb, so no energy is expended to reabsorb water

-because used energy active transport to reabsorb ions, by acitvely pumping ions into medulla to make it salty, and no water in ascending limb, then we can multiply amount of water reabsorbed passively because its driven into space around tubular or nephron called interstitium anything not tubular or nephron

all the ions reabsorbed into medulary interstitium drive the passive reabsorption of water

Question 5

Bio Lecture 5

distal tubule

Answer 5

• responsible for reabsorbtion of other ions, dont want to pee away important nutrients like calcium*
  -there are many that feed into this collecting duct
  main thing we reabsorb is water also urea a main waste component we pee away, sometimes kdineys liek to hold onto it to inc osmolarity in the medulla to drive water reabsorption in loop of henlee***

here urea is reabsorbed ot maintain osmolarity* in medulla to drive water reabsorption in loop of henle

Question 6

Bio Lecture 5

juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 6

• responsible to control blood pressure**

Question 7

Bio Lecture 5

efferent arteriole gives us a way to put this nutrients back into the blood stream

Answer 7

• we branch off into smaller capillaries collect all the good stuff like water and amino acids and glucose

peritubular meaning around the tubulars

Question 8

Bio Lecture 5

micturition

Answer 8

urinating/ pee

Question 9

Bio Lecture 5

epithelium cells

Answer 9

ureter comes out of the kidneys, vaalves prevent backflow go into bladder, transitional epithelium cells means that they are somewhere in between flat epithlium or columinar, taller epithelium cells, transitional is somehwere in btween allows bladder to expand

allows bladder to carry btw 300- 500 ml of water like tall water bottle

Question 10

Bio Lecture 5

kidney

Answer 10

1. excrete water
2. maintain water
3. hormones