Chys 3p91

Question 1

Define “rule” behaviorally and give two examples that are not in the chapter

Answer 1

verbal stimulus that describes a situation in which a behaviour will lead to a specific consequence

Ex: read the instructions on the test carefully
look at the speaker

Question 2

Give an example of a partial rule that is not in the chapter. What aspects of the threeterm contingency does your partial rule identify? What are the missing parts that the
partial rule implied?

Answer 2

red street light
identifies - antecedent
implies - behaviour (stopping), consequence (ticket or hit by another car)

Question 3

Describe four situations in which the addition of rules to a behavior modification
program might be especially helpful. Give an example of each.

Answer 3

1. when rapid behaviour change is desirable
   - “if I focus on the things that I think about when I’m skating well at practice, then ill land all the elements in my program, just like I do at practice”
2. when consequences for a behaviour are delayed
   - “if you study for an hour each night this week, you can watch the late movie on Friday night”
3. when natural reinforcers are highly intermittent
   - “Be persistent! the very next customer might have a sale!”
4. when behaviours will lead to immediate and severe punishment
   - “copying from a source without giving credit is plagiarism and can lead to serious academic penalty”

Question 4

Describe, using examples, three explanations for why we might follow rules that
identify very delayed consequences.

Answer 4

1. providing other immediate consequences if they do or do not follow the rule “good job studying for an hour, keep it up and you’ll be able to stay up late on Friday”
2. reinforcing self-statements - they might talk to them selves how they will spend the reward

3.

Question 5

How might we explain the behavior of someone who fails to wear a helmet when
riding a bicycle even though the person knows that wearing a helmet could prevent brain
damage from an accident?

Question 6

In a sentence, identify five characteristics of rules that are often effective in controlling
behavior, even when the outcomes are delayed.

Question 7

Define rule-governed behavior and contingency-shaped behavior, and give one
example of each.

Question 8

In general terms, what do we mean by a goal? Describe an example of a behavioral
goal not in this chapter. Describe an example of an outcome goal not in this chapter.

Question 9

Similar to the scenarios in lecture, create one of your own that demonstrates either
rule-governed or contingency-shaped behavior and explain why.

Question 10

List six of the eight conditions that summarize effective versus ineffective goal setting.

Question 11

What do the authors mean by commitment in the context of goal setting?

Question 12

From a behavioral perspective, why might public goals be more effective than private goals?

Question 13

What is a mastery criterion? Describe an example that is not in the chapter

Question 14

From a behavioral perspective, why might realistic, challenging goals be more effective than do-your-best goals?

Question 15

Define modelling. List four factors that you might follow to influence the effectiveness of modeling as a behavior modification technique.

Question 16

List four components of BST

Question 17

Describe the specific BST steps you might use to overcome the withdrawal behavior of a nursery school child who never interacts with other children. Identify the basic principles and procedures applied in your program.

Question 18

Define behavioral rehearsal (or role-playing) and give an example.

Question 19

What is meant by physical guidance? Identify a behavior that you were influenced to perform as a result of physical guidance. Describe how physical guidance was involved.

Question 20

What is generalized imitation? Describe an example. What is one consequence of the absence of generalized imitation in an individual’s repertoire?

Question 21

What is meant by the term situational inducement? Describe each of the four
categories of situational inducement and give an example of each.

Question 22

What is the traditional view of motivation and what is a conceptual problem with it? Illustrate with an example.

Question 23

Describe three practical problems with conceptualizing motivation as an internal cause of behavior.

Question 24

Define motivating operation (MO). In simple terms, what is an MO?

Question 25

Distinguish between MEO and MAO by giving the definitions of each. Then, give an example of each.

Question 26

Define mand and give an example.

Question 27

Define echoic and describe an example.

Question 28

Define tact and describe an example.

Question 29

What does target behavior mean? Provide a detailed description of behavioral assessment.

Question 30

List the five phases of a behavior modification program

Question 31

What are the five functions of the intake phase of a behavior modification program?

Question 32

What two things typically occur during the baseline phase of a behavior modification program?

Question 33

Describe two circumstances that might lead to the use of indirect assessment
procedures. In two or three sentences, describe the advantages and disadvantages of indirect assessment procedures

Question 34

List and describe, in one or two sentences each, four types of questionnaires used in
behavioral assessments.

Question 35

Briefly describe the main advantage and the three disadvantages of direct assessment procedures.

Question 36

What is a procedural reliability or treatment integrity? What is an acceptable level of
procedural reliability in a behavior modification program?

Question 37

Give six reasons for collecting accurate data during an assessment or baseline phase and throughout a program

Question 38

What does reactivity mean in behavioral assessment? Ilustrate with an example.