CHURCH HISTORY TS 104 SPRING 2017 Q2 pp 8

Question 1

The protestant reformation:

who said “I believe that in the end truth will conquer.”?

Answer 1

John Wycliffe (1324-1384)

Question 2

what good work did christianity do?

Answer 2

1- Education(cathedral schools) universities to train men for the clergy
2- Hospitals > Innocent 3 in Rome (1200)
3- Economy> Crusades, redistribution of wealth as the wars had to be funded.
4- Local trades & businesses along the journey
5- care for the poor> Monastic movements and good popes.

Question 3

what were some of the movements within Roman Catholic church?

what is one of the charges against christianity?

Answer 3

> influence of the Monastic Movement
>Historical events
>Key Individuals
> The Renaissance and Humanism
>The Crusades
>Papal Succession
>Babylonian Captivity

(protestant Reformatin 1517)

Question 4

what is the crusades?
and what were the years of the Crusades?

what does Deus Vult Mean?

Answer 4

the crusades were a series of wars fought between the Christians and the Muslims over the city of Jerusalem, called the Holy Land.
they fought from (1095-1291)

it means: God Wills It!

Question 5

during the years of the crusades (1095-1291) what were the requirements?

Answer 5

1. required to take a public vow
2. to recieve plenary indulgences from the church
3. hope for Apotheosis at Jerusalem
4. Pope Urban 2 claimed that anyone who participated was forgiven of their sins.
5. participation satisfied feudal obligations and provided opportunities for economic and political gain.

Question 6

what happened during the crusade years?

Answer 6

first; 1009-1144=take Jerusalem
=second= 1145-49 failure Edessa lost
=Three King's Crusade-1188-1195
=fourth= 1198-1204= Lost Constantinople
=children's -1212
=Fifth & Sixth 1217-1222=somewhat retrieve Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Nazareth
=Seventh & Eighth= 1245-1291

Question 7

what were the effects of the crusades?

Answer 7

1- left a legacy of bitterness among Christians, Jews, and Muslims
2=weakened the Pope and nobles- strengthened monarchs
3-weakened the Byzantine Empire

Question 8

what were the years of the Pope succession? and who were they?

Answer 8

Popes from (1054-1517)
Good Popes:
1. St Leo 9 (1049-54)
2.Gregory 7(1073-1085)
3.Innocent 3(1150-1216)
   Bad popes:
1. Urban 2(1088-1099)
2. Boniface 8(1294-1303)
3.Babylonian Captivity & Great Schism(1305-1415)

Ugly Popes;

1. Alexander 6(1492-1503)
2. Benedict 9(1032-1045)
3. Julius 2
4. Leo 10 (1513-1521)

Question 9

in 1302 which Pope issued the papal bull?

Answer 9

Pope Boniface8, issued the papal bull; called the UNAM SANCTAM.

Question 10

WHAT DID THE UNAM SANCTAM CLAIM?

ISSUED BY Pope Boniface 8 in 1302?

Answer 10

it claim that all temporal powers are subject to “spiritual” authority, which in the person of the pope can be judged by God alone.

Question 11

who was gaining power, as the institutional power of the pope declined?

what was ending with the coming of the States?

Answer 11

the new national states of England, France and Spain.

with the coming of the States the rule of Feudalism(Lords of Land Power) was ending.

Question 12

what are some to the influences of the Monastic Movement?

Answer 12

> Revival of Benedictine Rule at Cluny to 1109
Bernard of Clairvaux- Cisterian monks 12th C
Mendicant orders (poverty and simple living)
Franciscan - St. Francis
Dominican - Order of Preaches (Friars)

Question 13

what are some Historical events of the protestant reformation of 1517?

Answer 13

> Hundred years war 1337-1453
Conciliar Movement attempted to regulate POPE selections (14th C)
Bubonic Plague of 1348 -1/3 population, mostly young, no immunity, devastated the economy

Question 14

what are the meanings of these words?

1. Nepotism?
2. Simony?
3. Indulgences?
4. Pluralism?
5. Absenteeism?

Answer 14

1. Nepotism; favoring family for positions of power.
2. Simony; paying for the position
3. Indulgences; forgiveness of sin via a donation, usually cash.
4. Pluralism; holding more than one office
5. Absenteeism; church leaders paying others to perform their duties while they are elsewhere.

Question 15

what were some key individuals of the reformation period?

Answer 15

joan of Arc (1412-1431)=maid of orleans
>Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
>John Wycliffe (1320-1384)
>John Huss (1369-1415)
>Desiderus Erasmus (1466-1536)

Question 16

the Renaissance & Humanism:

when did the Renaissance movement began and where?

Answer 16

it began in Italy around (14th C).

it was a rebirth, discovery of ancient teaching that influenced art and literature.

Question 17

the protestant reformation of 1517;
what was the continuing crisis of the church during this period?

who did the caricature depict?

Answer 17

> Growing popular dissatisfaction
too much emphasis on ritual
increasing secularization
wealth, corruption, abuse

the caricature depicted Pope Alexander the 6

Question 18

historical event of the protestant reformatio.

what was the Bubonic Plague of 1348-1351 know as? and what did it led to?

Answer 18

it became know as the “Black Death” on the continent, and it led to the practice of penitential flagellation intended to assuage God’s wrath. others turn to Jews who were blamed for the outbreak.

Question 19

who were the Serfs?

Answer 19

in England it was violent peasant uprising resulting in the destruction of government records and the killing of the archbishop of Canterbury in 1381.

Question 20

during the continuing crisis of the church, who called for reformation?

Answer 20

1. John Wycliffe
2. Jan Hus
3. Erasmus

Question 21

what did Wycliffe believed in?

Answer 21

he believed that church was to be a spiritual body without wealth or temporal power. that scripture was the ultimate authority and that the papacy was a human institution created by Constantine, not Christ. (he was a civil employee of the British gov.
>by the time of his death in 1384, he advocated for the abolition of the entire papal system.

Question 22

what was the center of the reform movement?

Answer 22

it was the Bethlehem Chapel, a 3 thousand seat church adorned by pictures that contrast the simple life of Christ with that of the modern wealthy church.

Question 23

the continuing crisis of the church;

during this time what happened to spiritual and personal life ?

Answer 23

personal and spiritual crisis;
>rejection of formal ritual and doctrine
>emphasis on personal salvation

Question 24

what did John Huss emphasized?

how did he died/

Answer 24

he emphasized the authority of Scripture and rejected canon law. however he did affirm the authority of the ancient fathers. he was appointed a preacher in 1402 from charles University.

He died on July 6, 1415 burned at the stake as a dangerous heretic. after being promise safe conducted by the emperor of the council of constance.
in 2001 Pope John Paul issued a belated papal apology for the act.

Question 25

who was a thing group that impacted John Wesley?

Answer 25

the unity of the Brethren (later the Moravians) organized in 1458 and urged the literally following of Jesus. including refusal to take part in war.

Question 26

Martin luther 1483-1546.

what did he believed in?

what did he write?

Answer 26

“justification by faith alone”
>and good works= evidence of grace, not cause.

=He wrote the Ninety five Theses in 1517 and nailed them to Wittenburg Castle, on Oct 31, 1517.
=condemned selling of indulgences
=only inner grace & faith guaranteed salvation
=denied papal authority over faith.

Question 27

Martin Luther continued;

what did he acomplished?

Answer 27

>Revised Christian doctrine
>clergy no different than rest
>rejected belief in purgatory
>reduced 7 sacraments to 2: Baptism & communion
>and called for the end of monasteries

Question 28

what did Lutheranism do?

Answer 28

> quickly spread through Germany
led to political, economic & social upheaval
rulers used it as pretense to attack neighbors
peasants used it as pretense to revolt against overlords
it led to extreme religious movements & zealotry.