Church History D

Question 1

Scholasticism

Answer 1

[12th–17th c.]
1. Medieval school of theology and philosophy
2. Applied reason to matters of faith
3. Promoted by Anselm of Canterbury, Peter Abelard, Peter Lombard, and Thomas Aquiinas

Question 2

Babylonian Captivity

Answer 2

[14th c.]
1. Period when popes resided in Avignon rather than in Rome
2. Led to papal abuses (nepotism, absenteeism, and simony)
3. Led to the Western Schism (rival popes in Avignon and Rome)

Question 3

Humanism

Answer 3

[14th–16th c.]
1. Medieval literary movement
2. Sought to return to classical sources of literature and to imitate their style
3. Gave rise to textual criticism and the Reformation

Question 4

Radical Reformation

Answer 4

[16th c.]
1. Offshoot of the Protestant Reformation
2. Advocated anabaptism, pacifism, and strict separation between church and state
3. Yielded Hutterites, Mennonites, and the Amish

Question 5

Puritanism

Answer 5

[16th–17th c.]
1. Calvinist movement to reform (i.e. “purify”) the Church of England from vestiges of Catholicism
2. Advocated by Richard Baxter, John Owen, and John Bunyan
3. Yielded Congregationalist churches in America

Question 6

Modernism

Answer 6

[19th–20th c.]
1. Theological movement to reconcile strict Calvinism with Enlightenment emphases
2. Rejected the Five Fundamentals (biblical inerrancy, the virgin birth, vicarious atonement, Jesus’ bodily resurrection, and Jesus’ miracles)
3. Promoted by Schleiermacher, Briggs, and Fosdick

Question 7

Fundamentalism

Answer 7

[19th–20th c.]
1. Theological movement to preserve strict Calvinism in the face of modernism
2. Emphasized the Five Fundamentals (biblical inerrancy, the virgin birth, vicarious atonement, Jesus’ bodily resurrection, and Jesus’ miracles)
3. Promoted by Hodge, Warfield, and Machen

Question 8

Neo-orthodoxy

Answer 8

[20th c.]
1. Theological movement