Church History B

Question 1

Methodist

Answer 1

[18th century; England]
1. Revival movement at Oxford University and within the Church of England
2. Led by John and Charles Wesley
3. Named for the “methodical way” they practice faith

Distinctives:
1. Pietism leading to entire sanctification
2. Wesleyan quadrilateral (tradition, reason, Scripture, and experience)
3. Pneumocentrism

Question 2

Episcopal

Answer 2

[18th century; United States]
1. American branch of the Church of England
2. Split over prayers for the English monarch during the Revolutionary War

Distinctives:
1. Hierarchical governance (high-church) with no central authority
2. Balance between tradition, reason, and Scripture
3. Via media between Catholicism and Protestantism

Question 3

Baptist

Answer 3

[17th century; Netherlands]
1. English Separatist movement
2. Led by John Smyth and Thomas Helwys
3. Founded in Amsterdam

Distinctives:
1. Believers’ baptism (symbolic sacramentology)
2. Personal relationship with Jesus
3. Congregational governance (low-church)

Question 4

Mennonite

Answer 4

[16th century; central Europe]
1. Part of the Anabaptist movement during the Radical Reformation
2. Founded by Menno Simons

Distinctives:
1. Rejection of infant baptism
2. Complete separation of church and state
3. Pacifism

Question 5

Pentecostal

Answer 5

[20th century; United States]
1. Part of the holiness movement
2. Formalized at the Azusa Street Revival in 1906

Distinctives:
1. Holiness evidenced in speaking in tongues
2. “Foursquare Gospel” (Jesus saves, baptizes with the Spirit, heals bodily, and is coming again)
3. Continuationism

Question 6

Presbyterian

Answer 6

[16th century; Scotland]
Founded by John Knox (drawing on John Calvin)

Distinctives:
1. Theocentrism (sovereignty and covenant)
2. Spiritual presence in the Lord’s Supper
3. Regulated worship

Question 7

Orthodox

Answer 7

[11th century; eastern Europe/Asia]
Split from the Catholic Church during the Great Schism of 1054

Distinctives:
1. Mystery
2. Theosis
3. Spirit’s procession from the Father alone

Question 8

Lutheran

Answer 8

[16th century; Germany]
1. Split from the Catholic Church
2. Led by Martin Luther

Distinctives:
1. Christocentrism (gospel in opposition to law)
2. Real presence in the Lord’s Supper
3. “extra nos” (looking to the sacraments for assurance)

Question 9

Anglican

Answer 9

[16th century; England]
1. Split from the Catholic Church
2. Led by Henry VIII (political) and Thomas Cranmer (religious)

Distinctives:
1. Book of Common Prayer
2. Balance between tradition, reason, and Scripture
3. Via media between Catholicism and Protestantism